辇道增七
辇道增七(天鹅座β、β Cyg, β Cygni, Beta Cyg)是天鹅座的第五亮星,天鹅座γ、天鹅座δ、和天鹅座ε都比它亮,但因位于天鹅的头部,所以在拜耳命名法中成为β星。
观测数据 历元 J2000.0 (ICRS) 分点 | |
---|---|
星座 | 天鹅座 |
辇道增七Aa | |
赤经 | 19h 30m 43.286s[1] |
赤纬 | +27° 57′ 34.84″[1] |
星等 (V) | 3.21[2] |
辇道增七Ac | |
赤经 | 19h 30m 43.295s[3] |
赤纬 | +27° 57′ 34.62″[3] |
星等 (V) | 5.85[2] |
辇道增七B | |
赤经 | 19h 30m 45.3962s[4] |
赤纬 | +27° 57′ 54.989″[4] |
星等 (V) | 5.11[5] |
特性 | |
演化阶段 | 亮巨星 |
光谱分类 | K2II[6] |
B−V 色指数 | +1.13[5] |
V−R 色指数 | +0.92[7] |
特性 | |
光谱分类 | B8Ve[8] |
U−B 色指数 | -0.32[5] |
B−V 色指数 | -0.10[5] |
天体测定 | |
径向速度 (Rv) | −23.54[2] km/s |
自行 (μ) | 赤经:4.915 mas/yr 赤纬:−11.127 mas/yr |
视差 (π) | 8.9816 ± 0.4474[9] mas |
距离 | +15.6 −15.3 364.8ly (+4.8 −4.7 111.9pc) |
天体测定 | |
辇道增七Aa | |
绝对星等 (MV) | −2.45[6] |
辇道增七Ac | |
绝对星等 (MV) | −0.25[6] |
天体测定 | |
辇道增七B | |
径向速度 (Rv) | −18.80[10] km/s |
自行 (μ) | 赤经:−1.078[11] mas/yr 赤纬:−1.540[11] mas/yr |
视差 (π) | 8.1896 ± 0.0781[11] mas |
距离 | +2.9 −3.3 395.4ly (+0.9 −1 121.3pc) |
位置(相对于辇道增七A) | |
组成恒星 | 辇道增七B |
观测历元 | 2006 |
角距离 | 35.3″ [12] |
位置角 | 54° [12] |
轨道[2] | |
主星 | Aa |
伴星 | Ac |
绕行周期 (P) | +3.34 −2.90 121.65yr |
半长轴 (a) | +0.007 −0.006" 0.401 |
偏心率 (e) | +0.01 −0.02 0.20 |
倾斜角 (i) | +2.90 −2.63° 156.15 |
升交点黄经 (Ω) | +5.27 −4.50° 84.43 |
近心点 历元 (T) | B2026.36 |
近心点幅角 (ω) (secondary) | +1.88 −2.24° 54.72 |
半振幅 (K1) (primary) | +0.09 −0.12 2.91km/s |
详细资料 | |
辇道增七Aa | |
质量 | 5.2[2] M☉ |
半径 | +2.83 −3.12 58.69[13] R☉ |
表面重力 (log g) | 0.93[2] |
亮度 (bolometric) | 1,259[2] L☉ |
温度 | 4,383[2] K |
金属量 [Fe/H] | −0.1[14] dex |
自转速度 (v sin i) | 8.34[2] km/s |
辇道增七Ac | |
质量 | 2.7[2] M☉ |
半径 | 3.0[a] R☉ |
亮度 (bolometric) | 79[2] L☉ |
温度 | 10,000[2] K |
辇道增七Ad | |
质量 | 0.085 ± 0.007[15] M☉ |
辇道增七B | |
质量 | 3.7 ± 0.8[16] M☉ |
半径 | 2.59[17] R☉ |
表面重力 (log g) | 4.00 ± 0.15[16] |
亮度 (bolometric) | 230 ± 90[16] L☉ |
温度 | 13,200 ± 600[16] K |
年龄 | 100[16] Myr |
其他命名 | |
参考数据库 | |
SIMBAD | β Cyg (STF 4043) |
Albireo A | |
Albireo Aa | |
Albireo Ab | |
Albireo B |
以肉眼观看辇道增七是一颗单独的3等星,但只要低倍数的望远镜就可以看出它是双星,亮的一颗是黄色(它本身又是一对靠得非常近的联星),使它与光度微弱的蓝色伴星在颜色上有着鲜明的对比[21]。
双星
编辑辇道增七距离地球380光年(120秒差距)。以肉眼观看辇道增七是一颗单独的恒星,然而,在望远镜下它很容易解析成为双星,包括辇道增七A(琥珀色,视星等3.1等),和辇道增七B(蓝-绿色,视星等5.1等)[22],两星相距35角秒[12]。由于它们在颜色上是互补的,因而成为天空中颜色对比最鲜明的一对恒星。目前仍不确知这对恒星是否是互绕的有物理关系的联星系统。如果是的话,其轨道周期是可能至少十万年[22]。
辇道增七A
编辑在1976年,使用斑点干涉仪和基特峰国家天文台2.1米望远镜,发现伴星A本身是一颗联星[20][23]。这对联星使用干涉仪测量后已经计算出轨道,但因为只观测过四分之一的轨道,因此轨道参数仍被认为是初步的值[20]。目前两颗星之间分离的角度大约是0.4角秒,太过接近而难以用目视观测,因为在常稳定的大气条件下,目视的解析能力仍只有20"的大小。
辇道增七B
编辑辇道增七B是一颗快速自转的Be星,在赤道的自转速度至少是250公里/秒[21]。使用光谱仪估计它的表面温度大约是13,200K [16]。
名称和语源
编辑因为天鹅座的形状像是一只展翅的" 天鹅",而辇道增七就位于天鹅的头部, 所以有时也称为"鸟嘴星"[24]。辇道增七也与天津四(天鹅座α)、天津二(天鹅座δ)、天津九(天鹅座ε)、和天鹅座η共同构成"北天大十字(北十字)"[25]。
中世纪说阿拉伯语的天文学家称之为Albireo(minqār al-dajājah,英文的意思是母鸡的喙)[26],目前的英文名称是误解和翻译错误的结果。人们认为它起源于希腊语的ornis,名称是天鹅座,转变成阿拉伯语的urnis座[27]。而在翻译回拉丁文时,这个名称被认为是一种药用植物:钻果大蒜芥(Erysimum officinale),因此翻译成拉丁文的该植物名称ireo。这个短语ab ireo后来又被当成印刷错误的阿拉伯语处理,而被转换成al-bireo[28]。
minqār al-dajājah(منقار ألدجاجة)或Menchir al Dedjadjet的名称出现在Calendarium of Al Achsasi Al Mouakket这本恒星目录中,它翻译成拉丁文是Rostrum Gallinǣ,意思是母鸡的喙[29]。
参考资料
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Høg, E; Fabricius, C; Makarov, V. V; Urban, S; Corbin, T; Wycoff, G; Bastian, U; Schwekendiek, P; Wicenec, A. The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2000, 355: L27. Bibcode:2000A&A...355L..27H.
- ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Drimmel, Ronald; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Schröder, Klaus-Peter; Bastian, Ulrich; Pinamonti, Matteo; Jack, Dennis; Hernández Huerta, Missael A. A celestial matryoshka: Dynamical and spectroscopic analysis of the Albireo system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2021, 502 (1): 328. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.502..328D. arXiv:2012.01277 . doi:10.1093/mnras/staa4038 .
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Fabricius, C; Høg, E; Makarov, V. V; Mason, B. D; Wycoff, G. L; Urban, S. E. The Tycho double star catalogue. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 384: 180–189. Bibcode:2002A&A...384..180F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011822 .
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2021, 649: A1. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. S2CID 227254300. arXiv:2012.01533 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657 . 已忽略未知参数
|collaboration=
(帮助) (勘误: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ducati, J. R. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system. CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2002, 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ginestet, N.; Carquillat, J. M. Spectral Classification of the Hot Components of a Large Sample of Stars with Composite Spectra, and Implication for the Absolute Magnitudes of the Cool Supergiant Components. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 2002, 143 (2): 513. Bibcode:2002ApJS..143..513G. doi:10.1086/342942 .
- ^ Ten Brummelaar, Theo; Mason, Brian D; McAlister, Harold A; Roberts, Lewis C; Turner, Nils H; Hartkopf, William I; Bagnuolo, William G. Binary Star Differential Photometry Using the Adaptive Optics System at Mount Wilson Observatory. The Astronomical Journal. 2000, 119 (5): 2403. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2403T. doi:10.1086/301338 .. See tables 4, 5, 6, and 8. Luminosity from Lbol=102(4.75−Mbol)/5.
- ^ Levenhagen, R. S; Leister, N. V. Spectroscopic analysis of southern B and Be stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 371 (1): 252–262. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.371..252L. S2CID 16492030. arXiv:astro-ph/0606149 . doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10655.x .
- ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2022. arXiv:2208.00211 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . 已忽略未知参数
|collaboration=
(帮助) Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ Kharchenko, N. V; Scholz, R.-D; Piskunov, A. E; Röser, S; Schilbach, E. Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC-2.5: Ia. Radial velocities of ˜55000 stars and mean radial velocities of 516 Galactic open clusters and associations. Astronomische Nachrichten. 2007, 328 (9): 889. Bibcode:2007AN....328..889K. S2CID 119323941. arXiv:0705.0878 . doi:10.1002/asna.200710776.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Vallenari, A.; et al. Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2022. arXiv:2208.00211 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . 已忽略未知参数
|collaboration=
(帮助) Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR. - ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 进入华盛顿双星目录 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),The Washington Double Star Catalog], identifier 19307+2758, discoverer identifier STFA 43. Accessed on line July 9, 2008.
- ^ Baines, Ellyn K.; Clark, James H., III; Schmitt, Henrique R.; Stone, Jordan M.; von Braun, Kaspar, 33 New Stellar Angular Diameters from the NPOI, and Nearly 180 NPOI Diameters as an Ensemble, The Astronomical Journal, 2023-12-01, 166 (6): 268, Bibcode:2023AJ....166..268B, ISSN 0004-6256, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad08be
- ^ Lèbre, A.; De Laverny, P.; Do Nascimento, J. D.; De Medeiros, J. R. Lithium abundances and rotational behavior for bright giant stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2006, 450 (3): 1173. Bibcode:2006A&A...450.1173L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053485 .
- ^ Jack, D.; Schröder, K.-P.; Mittag, M.; Bastian, U. Yet another star in the Albireo system - The discovery of Albireo Ad. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2022-05-01, 661: A49. ISSN 0004-6361. arXiv:2203.04222 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243255 (英语).
- ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Table 1, Physical Parameters of Southern B- and Be-Type Stars, R. S. Levenhagen and N. V. Leister, The Astronomical Journal 127, #2 (February 2004), pp. 1176–1180, doi:10.1086/381063, Bibcode:2004AJ....127.1176L.
- ^ Fracassini, Massimo; Gilardoni, Giorgio; Pasinetti, Laura E. Apparent diameters of 172 B5V-A5V stars of the Catalogue of Geneva Observatory. Astrophysics and Space Science. 1973, 22 (1): 141–152. Bibcode:1973Ap&SS..22..141F. S2CID 120496963. doi:10.1007/BF00642829.
- ^ NAME ALBIREO -- Star in double system , database entry, SIMBAD. Accessed on line July 9, 2008.
- ^ Entry, WDS identifier 19307+2758, Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2017-11-12., William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory. Accessed on line July 9, 2008. (19307+2758) 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2011-05-17.
- ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Speckle observations with PISCO in Merate: IV. Astrometric measurements of visual binaries in 2005, M. Scardia et al., Astronomische Nachrichten 329, #1 (2008), pp. 54–68. Bibcode:2008AN....329...54S. doi:10.1002/asna.200710834.
- ^ 21.0 21.1 Albireo (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Stars, Jim Kaler. Accessed on line July 9, 2008.
- ^ 22.0 22.1 p. 46, The Monthly Sky Guide, Ian Ridpath, Wil Tirion, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-68435-8.
- ^ Speckle interferometric measurements of binary stars. VI, H. A. McAlister and E. M. Hendry, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 48 (March 1982), pp. 273–278. Bibcode:1982ApJS...48..273M. doi:10.1086/190778.
- ^ p. 416, In Quest of the Universe, Theo Koupelis and Karl F. Kuhn, 5th ed., Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2007, ISBN 0-7637-4387-9.
- ^ Northern Cross (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), entry, The Internet Encyclopedia of Science, David Darling. Accessed on line July 24, 2008.
- ^ p. 196, Star-names and Their Meanings (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Richard Hinckley Allen, New York, G. E. Stechert, 1899.
- ^ p. 24, The names of the stars and constellations compiled from the Latin, Greek and Arabic, W. H. Higgins, Leicester: Samuel Clarke, 1882.
- ^ p. 194, Allen.
- ^ Knobel, E. B. Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. June 1895, 55: 429. Bibcode:1895MNRAS..55..429K.
外部链接
编辑- Albireo as a Triple Star(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Photo by Richard Yandrick; August 30, 2005(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- A picture of Albireo by Stefan Seip(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- NightSkyInfo.com - Albireo(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Albireo(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) at Alcyone Software's Star Data Pages
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