维基百科

含笑属

含笑属（学名：Michelia）是木兰科下的一个属，为灌木或乔木植物。该属共有约50余种，分布于亚洲热带、亚热带及温带。[1]属名Michelia为纪念意大利植物学家Pietro Antonio Micheli（1679-1737）而命名。

含笑属
白蘭 Michelia × alba
科学分类 编辑
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 木兰类植物 Magnoliids
目： 木兰目 Magnoliales
科： 木兰科 Magnoliaceae
属： 含笑属 Michelia
L., 1753
物种

约50种，见内文

下属物种

编辑

本属包括以下物种：[2]

  • Michelia aenea Dandy.，原产地为中国和越南，视为Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy by J. Li (1997)[3]的异名
  • 白蘭 Michelia × alba DC. (syn. M. longifolia Blume). White Champaca或White Sandalwood是由黄玉兰（Michelia champaca L.）和山含笑（Michelia montana Blume）自然杂交得到
  • 狭叶含笑 Michelia angustioblonga Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • 苦梓含笑 Michelia balansae (A. DC.) Dandy (基本异名：Magnolia balansae A. DC.)
  • 合果木 Michelia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. (基本异名：Magnolia baillonii Pierre)
  • Michelia braianensis Gagnep.
  • 灰岩含笑 Michelia calcicola C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (视为Michelia ingrata Chen & Yang by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的异名)
  • 美毛含笑 Michelia caloptila Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (dubious taxon, according to Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4])
  • 平伐含笑 Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep.
     
    L.的花和叶
  • 黄玉兰 Michelia champaca L. Champak. 原产地为印度、爪哇岛和菲律宾，小乔木或灌木，高及蓬径3－6米，叶革质，翠绿色，达16厘米长；花芬芳，橙黄色或乳白色，春季开花，可提取精油用於制作香水
  • 乐昌含笑 Michelia chapensis Dandy
  • 烏心石 Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. (基本异名：Magnolia compressa Maxim.)，台湾含笑
  • 西畴含笑 Michelia coriacea Chang & Chen
  • 紫花含笑 Michelia crassipes Y.-W. Law
  • 南亞含笑 Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Large shrubs and trees, growing to 30 meters. Native to the eastern Himalayas and Meghalaya subtropical forests. Varies in form from bushy to narrow and upright. Leathery dark-green leaves, 6 to 17 cm in length. Clusters of creamy white flowers in winter. Growing in popularity as a street tree in coastal California.
  • 雅致含笑 Michelia elegans Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (视为Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的异名)
  • Michelia elliptilimba Chen & Noot. (视为Michelia sphaerantha C.Y. Wu ex Z.S. Yue by J. Li (1997)[3]的异名)
  • 含笑花 Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. (基本异名：Liriodendron figo Lour.) Banana Shrub. A slow growing shrub or small tree that can grow up to 5 meters high and nearly as wide. Densely covered with small glossy green leaves. Bears clusters of large, white, sometimes purple-streaked, flowers with a potent, sweet banana scent. Port Wine is a variety that bears rose to maroon flowers.
  • 素黄含笑 Michelia flaviflora Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • 多花含笑 Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep.
  • 金叶含笑 Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy
  • 福建含笑 Michelia fujianensis Q.F. Zheng
  • 亮叶含笑 Michelia fulgens Dandy (视为Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy by Gagnepain (1939))[5]的异名)
  • 棕毛含笑 Michelia fulva Chang & Chen
  • Michelia fuscata (Andrews) Blume ex Wall. (基本异名：Magnolia fuscata Andrews; 视为Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. by Baillon (1866)[6])
  • 香子含笑 Michelia gioi (A. Chev.) Sima & H. Yu
  • 广东含笑 Michelia guangdongensis Y. H. Yan, Q. W. Zeng & F. W.Xing
  • 广西含笑 Michelia guangxiensis Y.-W. Law & R.-Z. Zhou
  • 香子含笑 Michelia hedyosperma Y.-W. Law (视为Michelia hypolampra Dandy by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)的异名)
  • Michelia hypolampra Dandy
  • Michelia ingrata Chen & Yang
  • 鼠刺含笑 Michelia iteophylla C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (Michelia formosana (Kaneh.) Masam. & Suzuki because the type is the same; M. formosana in its turn is 视为Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的异名)
  • 西藏含笑 Michelia kisopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • Michelia koordersiana Noot.
  • 壮丽含笑 Michelia lacei W.W. Sm.
  • 溜叶含笑 Michelia laevifolia Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (视为Michelia yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep. by Xia & Deng (2002)[7]的异名)
  • Michelia lanuginosa Wall. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • 长柄含笑 Michelia leveilleana Dandy
  • 长柄含笑 Michelia longipetiolata C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (视为Michelia leveilleana Dandy by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的异名)
  • 长蕊含笑 Michelia longistamina Y.-W. Law (视为Michelia martinii (H. Lév.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lév. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的异名)
  • 长柱含笑 Michelia longistyla Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu (视为Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy; by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4])
  • 醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei Dandy
  • 黄心夜合 Michelia martinii (H. Lév.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lév. (基本异名：Magnolia martinii H. Lév.)
  • 屏边含笑 Michelia masticata Dandy
  • 深山含笑 Michelia maudiae Dunn
  • 白花含笑 Michelia mediocris Dandy
  • Michelia microtricha (视为Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep. by J. Li (1997)[3]的异名)
  • 山含笑 Michelia montana Blume
  • Michelia nilagirica Zenker. 产自印度南部。
  • 西畴含笑 Michelia nitida B. L. Chen
  • 观光木 Michelia odora (W.Y. Chun) Noot. & Chen (基本异名：Tsoongiodendron odorum W.Y. Chun)
  • 马关含笑 Michelia opipara Chang et B. L. Chen
  • 厚果含笑 Michelia pachycarpa Y.-W. Law & R.-Z. Zhou
  • 阔瓣含笑 Michelia platypetala Hand.-Mazz. (视为Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar (异名：Michelia maudiae Dunn) by Sima (2001)[8]的變種)
  • 多脉含笑 Michelia polyneura C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • Michelia punduana Hook.f. & Thomson. Native to Meghalaya subtropical forests
  • Michelia rajaniana Craib
  • Michelia salicifolia A. Agostini
  • Michelia scortechinii (King) Dandy (基本异名：Manglietia scortechinii King)
  • 台山含笑 Michelia taishanensis Y. H. Tong, X. E. Ye, X. H. Ye &Yu Q. Chen[9]
  • 峨眉含笑 Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep. (异名M. sinensis Hemsl. & E.H. Wilson; based on the same type but published a few weeks later)
  • 石碌含笑 Michelia shiluensis W.Y. Chun & Y.-F. Wu
  • 野含笑 Michelia skinneriana Dunn (视为含笑花 Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng. by Chen & Nooteboom (1993)[4]的异名)
  • 球花含笑 Michelia sphaerantha C.Y. Wu ex Z.S. Yue
  • Michelia subulifera Dandy
  • 川含笑 Michelia szechuanica Dandy (被Sima和Figlar (2001)[8]视为Magnolia ernestii Figlar (异名：Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep.)的亚种)
  • 绒叶含笑 Michelia velutina DC.
  • 黄花含笑 Michelia xanthantha C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu
  • 云南含笑 Michelia yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep.

文化意义

编辑

在中亚热带地区的佛教寺庙中常种植含笑属树种用作花供[10]。

参考文献

编辑
  1. ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. [2012-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）. 
  2. ^ Michelia. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-14）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Li, J. Some notes on Magnoliaceae from China. Acta Botanica Yunnanica (Kunming). 1997, 19 (2): 131–138. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Chen, B.L. & H.P. Nooteboom. Notes on Magnoliaceae III, The Magnoliaceae of China. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis, MO) (Missouri Botanical Garden Press). 1993, 80 (4): 999–1104. JSTOR 2399942. doi:10.2307/2399942. 
  5. ^ Gagnepain, F. Magnoliacées nouvelles ou litigieuses. Notulae Systematicae, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris). 1939, 8 (1): 63–65. 
  6. ^ Baillon, H.E. Mémoire sur la famille des Magnoliacées. Adansonia; recueil periodique d'observations botaniques (Paris). 1866, 7: 1–16, 65–69. 
  7. ^ Xia, N.H. & Y.F. Deng. Notes on Magnoliaceae. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany (Guangzhou). 2002, 10 (2): 128–132. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Sima, Y.-K. Some Notes on Magnolia Subgenus Michelia from China. Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology (Kunming). 2001, 2: 29–35. 
  9. ^ 广东木兰科含笑属新种：台山含笑. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-14）. 
  10. ^ Wang, Xinyang; Jin, Cheng; Huang, Li; Zhou, Lihua; Zheng, Mingming; Qian, Shenhua; Yang, Yongchuan. Plant diversity and species replacement in Chinese Buddhist temples. Biodiversity Science. 2020-06-20, 28 (6): 668. doi:10.17520/biods.2019392. 
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