熟人強姦
此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2019年12月15日) |
熟人強姦（英語：Acquaintance rape）是認識受害者的人實施的強姦。熟人的例子包括受害者正在約會的對象、同學、同事、雇主、家庭成員、配偶、顧問、治療師、宗教官員或醫生[1][2][3]。熟人強姦包括一類被稱為約會強姦的事件，這些事件涉及到彼此之間有戀愛關係或性關係的人[4][5][6][7]。當一名學生對另一名學生實施強姦時，有時會使用校園強姦一詞。
大部份的強姦案件中，受害者是被認識的人所強姦。不過相較於被陌生人強姦的案件，熟人強姦舉報的可能性較小，因此犯罪統計數據常常會低估熟人強姦的發生率。熟人強姦在法律下的處罰和陌生人強姦是一樣的。
參考文獻
編輯引用
編輯- ^ Chancellor, Arthur S. Investigating Sexual Assault Cases (Jones & Bartlett Learning Guides to Law Enforcement Investigation). Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2012: 167 [2019-12-15]. ISBN 978-1449648695. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-10）.
- ^ Wiehe, Vernon R. Intimate Betrayal: Understanding and Responding to the Trauma of Acquaintance Rape. SAGE Publications. 1995: 3–4, 30 [2019-12-15]. ISBN 978-0803973619. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-16）.
- ^ Samaha, Joel. Criminal Law. Cengage. 2010: 328 [2019-12-15]. ISBN 9780495807490. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-16）.
- ^ Parrot, Andrea. Coping With Date Rape and Acquaintance Rape. Rosen Publishing Group. 1998: 30. ISBN 978-0823928613.
- ^ Kaminker, Laura. Everything You Need to Know About Dealing With Sexual Assault. Rosen Pub Group. 2002: 16–17. ISBN 978-0823933037.
- ^ Siegel, Larry J. Criminology. Cengage Learning. 2011: 341 [2019-12-15]. ISBN 9780495912460. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-10）.
- ^ Simon, Robert. Bad Men Do what Good Men Dream: A Forensic Psychiatrist Illuminates the Darker Side of Human Behavior. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 2008: 59 [2019-12-15]. ISBN 9781585622948. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-16）.
來源
編輯- Black, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M.R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 Summary Report （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Crawford, E.; Wright, M. O. D.; Birchmeier, Z. Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault: College Women's Risk Perception and Behavioral Choices. Journal of American College Health. 2008, 57 (3): 261–72. PMID 18980881. doi:10.3200/JACH.57.3.261-272.
- Estrich, S. Real Rape. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1987. ISBN 9780674749443.
- Fisher, B. S.; Daigle, L. E.; Cullen, F. T.; Turner, M. G. Acknowledging sexual victimization as rape: Results from a national-level study. Justice Quarterly. 2003, 20 (3): 535. doi:10.1080/07418820300095611.
- Fisher, B.S., Cullen, F.T., Turner, M.G. (2000). The Sexual Victimization of College Women （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Research Report. Washington, D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice.
- Fisher, B. S.; Daigle, L. E.; Cullen, F. T.; Turner, M. G. Reporting Sexual Victimization to the Police and Others: Results from a National-Level Study of College Women. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2003, 30: 6 [2019-12-15]. doi:10.1177/0093854802239161. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.
- Kilpatrick, D.G., Resnick, H., Ruggiero, K., Conoscenti, L., & McCauley, J. (2007). Drug facilitated, incapacitated, and forcible rape: A national study （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Justice.
- Koss, M. P.; Dinero, T. E.; Seibel, C. A.; Cox, S. L. Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Are There Differences In the Victim's Experience?. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 1988, 12: 1. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00924.x.
- Koss, M. P. The Under detection of Rape: Methodological Choices Influence Incidence Estimates. Journal of Social Issues. 1992, 48: 61. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01157.x.
- Tjaden, P. & Thoennes, N.(2000). Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women: Finding from the National Violence Against Women Survey （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Washington, D.C. National Institute of Justice.