鼠疫耶尔森菌

鼠疫耶尔森菌
	经萤光染色的鼠疫耶尔森菌
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	肠杆菌目 Enterobacterales
科：	肠杆菌科 Enterobacteriaceae
属：	耶尔辛氏菌属 Yersinia
种：	鼠疫耶尔森菌 Y. pestis
二名法
	Yersinia pestis; (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) van Loghem 1944
模式菌株
	ATCC 19428 = CIP 80.26 = NCTC 5923

鼠疫耶尔森菌^[1]（学名：Yersinia pestis）又称鼠疫耶氏杆菌^[2]，俗称鼠疫杆菌（plague bacillus），是一种杆菌，属于肠杆菌科耶尔森菌属，同时也是腺鼠疫、肺鼠疫和败血性鼠疫的病原体。所有的类型都在人类历史上造成严重的伤亡（例如查士丁尼大瘟疫、黑死病、第三次鼠疫大流行）^[3]。

耶尔森菌属是一种革兰氏阴性菌（Gram negative），为双球株杆菌，和其他肠细菌相似，它有新陈代谢作用。鼠疫耶尔森菌能产生反吞噬细胞的黏液。该生命体在隔离培养时是可动的，但在哺乳动物寄主里时会变成不可动的。

历史

第三次鼠疫大流行期间，鼠疫耶尔森菌于1894年由巴斯德研究所（Pasteur Institute）的法国医生和细菌学家亚历山大·耶尔森在香港鼠疫大流行时所发现。耶尔森是巴斯德的学生。北里柴三郎，一名日本细菌学家和科赫（Robert Koch）的学生，当时也正在从事寻找鼠疫病原体的研究。然而，耶尔森先一步确定鼠疫和鼠疫耶尔森菌的关系。这个细菌原被称为鼠疫巴斯德氏杆菌（Pasteurella pestis），后来被重新命名为鼠疫耶尔森菌（Yersinia pestis）。^[4]^[5]

宿主

正常情况下，鼠疫耶尔森菌只会在跳蚤和啮齿类身上发现。靠着这两种宿主，鼠疫耶尔森菌能从森林散播到都市中。然而，并不是每一种啮齿类都能携带鼠疫耶尔森菌，不同的物种有不同的适应性。^[6]^[7]^[8]

致病

鼠疫耶尔森菌之所以会有这么强的致病力，是因为它能抵御白血球的吞噬作用。^[9]

参考文献

^ https://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=Yersinia+pestis
^ https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/164290612e06beb95491ae6599cb7b5c/
^ Green, Monica H.; Jones, Lori; Little, Lester K.; Schamiloglu, Uli; Sussman, George D. Yersinia pestis and the three plague pandemics. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2014-10-01, 14 (10): 918. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 25253399. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70878-3 （英语）.
^ Bockemühl J. 100 years after the discovery of the plague-causing agent – importance and veneration of Alexandre Yersin in Vietnam today. Immun Infekt. 1994, 22 (#2): 72–75. PMID 7959865.
^ Howard-Jones N. Was Kitasato Shibasaburō the discoverer of the plague bacillus?. Perspect Biol Med. 1973, 16 (#2): 292–307. PMID 4570035. doi:10.1353/pbm.1973.0034.
^ Zhou D, Han Y, Yang R. Molecular and physiological insights into plague transmission, virulence and etiology. Microbes Infect. 2006, 8 (#1): 273–284. PMID 16182593. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.06.006.
^ Hinnebusch BJ, Rudolph AE, Cherepanov P, Dixon JE, Schwan TG, Forsberg A. Role of Yersinia murine toxin in survival of Yersinia pestis in the midgut of the flea vector. Science. 2002, 296 (#5,568): 733–735. Bibcode:2002Sci...296..733H. PMID 11976454. doi:10.1126/science.1069972.
^ Erickson, D. L.; N. R. Waterfield; V. Vadyvaloo; D. Long; E. R. Fischer; R. Ffrench-Constant & B. J. Hinnebusch. Acute oral toxicity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to fleas: Implications for the evolution of vector-borne transmission of plague. Cellular Microbiology. 2007, 9 (#11): 2658–2666. PMID 17587333. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00986.x.
^ Lathem WW, Price PA, Miller VL, Goldman WE. A plasminogen-activating protease specifically controls the development of primary pneumonic plague. Science. 2007, 315 (#5,811): 509–513. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..509L. PMID 17255510. doi:10.1126/science.1137195.

外部链接

微生物免疫学-Yersinia pestis(鼠疫耶尔森菌) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] ttps://www.termonline.cn/search?searchText=Yersinia+pestis

[2] ttps://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/164290612e06beb95491ae6599cb7b5c/

[3] Green, Monica H.; Jones, Lori; Little, Lester K.; Schamiloglu, Uli; Sussman, George D. Yersinia pestis and the three plague pandemics. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2014-10-01, 14 (10): 918. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 25253399. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70878-3 （英语）.

[Bockemühl_1994-4] Bockemühl J. 100 years after the discovery of the plague-causing agent – importance and veneration of Alexandre Yersin in Vietnam today. Immun Infekt. 1994, 22 (#2): 72–75. PMID 7959865.

[Ho-5] Howard-Jones N. Was Kitasato Shibasaburō the discoverer of the plague bacillus?. Perspect Biol Med. 1973, 16 (#2): 292–307. PMID 4570035. doi:10.1353/pbm.1973.0034.

[pmid16182593-6] Zhou D, Han Y, Yang R. Molecular and physiological insights into plague transmission, virulence and etiology. Microbes Infect. 2006, 8 (#1): 273–284. PMID 16182593. doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.06.006.

[pmid11976454-7] Hinnebusch BJ, Rudolph AE, Cherepanov P, Dixon JE, Schwan TG, Forsberg A. Role of Yersinia murine toxin in survival of Yersinia pestis in the midgut of the flea vector. Science. 2002, 296 (#5,568): 733–735. Bibcode:2002Sci...296..733H. PMID 11976454. doi:10.1126/science.1069972.

[Erickson,_D._L_et_al._2007-8] Erickson, D. L.; N. R. Waterfield; V. Vadyvaloo; D. Long; E. R. Fischer; R. Ffrench-Constant & B. J. Hinnebusch. Acute oral toxicity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to fleas: Implications for the evolution of vector-borne transmission of plague. Cellular Microbiology. 2007, 9 (#11): 2658–2666. PMID 17587333. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00986.x.

[pmid17255510-9] Lathem WW, Price PA, Miller VL, Goldman WE. A plasminogen-activating protease specifically controls the development of primary pneumonic plague. Science. 2007, 315 (#5,811): 509–513. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..509L. PMID 17255510. doi:10.1126/science.1137195.

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