钐的同位素
钐（原子量：150.36(2)）在自然界中存在5种稳定同位素（144Sm、149Sm、150Sm、152Sm、154Sm）和2种长寿命放射性同位素（半衰期1.06×1011年的147Sm和半衰期7×1015年的148Sm），其中152Sm的丰度最高，达26.74%。146Sm的半衰期也很长，但不足以在今天大量存在，现为绝种核素。它可用于太阳系的测年。[3][4]2012年一篇把146Sm的半衰期从10.3(5)×107年更新到6.8(7)×107年的论文已于2023年撤稿。[4][5]它是不确定是不是原生核素的核素中半衰期最长的。
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
除了以上8种同位素以外，钐最长寿的放射性同位素是半衰期94.6年的151Sm[6]以及半衰期340天的145Sm。剩下的同位素原子量介于129至168，半衰期都短于两天。
图表
编辑| 符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量（u） [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3] |
衰变 方式[7] |
衰变 产物 [n 4][n 5] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 （莫耳分率）[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激发能量[n 1][n 2] | |||||||||
| 129Sm | 62 | 67 | 128.95464(54)# | 550(100) ms | 5/2+# | ||||
| 130Sm | 62 | 68 | 129.94892(43)# | 1# s | β+ | 130Pm | 0+ | ||
| 131Sm | 62 | 69 | 130.94611(32)# | 1.2(2) s | β+ | 131Pm | 5/2+# | ||
| β+, p （不常见） | 130Nd | ||||||||
| 132Sm | 62 | 70 | 131.94069(32)# | 4.0(3) s | β+ | 132Pm | 0+ | ||
| β+, p | 131Nd | ||||||||
| 133Sm | 62 | 71 | 132.93867(21)# | 2.90(17) s | β+ | 133Pm | (5/2+) | ||
| β+, p | 132Nd | ||||||||
| 134Sm | 62 | 72 | 133.93397(21)# | 10(1) s | β+ | 134Pm | 0+ | ||
| 135Sm | 62 | 73 | 134.93252(17) | 10.3(5) s | β+ (99.98%) | 135Pm | (7/2+) | ||
| β+, p (.02%) | 134Nd | ||||||||
| 135mSm | 0(300)# keV | 2.4(9) s | β+ | 135Pm | (3/2+,5/2+) | ||||
| 136Sm | 62 | 74 | 135.928276(13) | 47(2) s | β+ | 136Pm | 0+ | ||
| 136mSm | 2264.7(11) keV | 15(1) µs | (8-) | ||||||
| 137Sm | 62 | 75 | 136.92697(5) | 45(1) s | β+ | 137Pm | (9/2-) | ||
| 137mSm | 180(50)# keV | 20# s | β+ | 137Pm | 1/2+# | ||||
| 138Sm | 62 | 76 | 137.923244(13) | 3.1(2) min | β+ | 138Pm | 0+ | ||
| 139Sm | 62 | 77 | 138.922297(12) | 2.57(10) min | β+ | 139Pm | 1/2+ | ||
| 139mSm | 457.40(22) keV | 10.7(6) s | IT (93.7%) | 139Sm | 11/2- | ||||
| β+ (6.3%) | 139Pm | ||||||||
| 140Sm | 62 | 78 | 139.918995(13) | 14.82(12) min | β+ | 140Pm | 0+ | ||
| 141Sm | 62 | 79 | 140.918476(9) | 10.2(2) min | β+ | 141Pm | 1/2+ | ||
| 141mSm | 176.0(3) keV | 22.6(2) min | β+ (99.69%) | 141Pm | 11/2- | ||||
| IT (.31%) | 141Sm | ||||||||
| 142Sm | 62 | 80 | 141.915198(6) | 72.49(5) min | β+ | 142Pm | 0+ | ||
| 143Sm | 62 | 81 | 142.914628(4) | 8.75(8) min | β+ | 143Pm | 3/2+ | ||
| 143m1Sm | 753.99(16) keV | 66(2) s | IT (99.76%) | 143Sm | 11/2- | ||||
| β+ (.24%) | 143Pm | ||||||||
| 143m2Sm | 2793.8(13) keV | 30(3) ms | 23/2(-) | ||||||
| 144Sm | 62 | 82 | 143.911999(3) | 观测上稳定[n 6] | 0+ | 0.0307(7) | |||
| 144mSm | 2323.60(8) keV | 880(25) ns | 6+ | ||||||
| 145Sm | 62 | 83 | 144.913410(3) | 340(3) d | ε | 145Pm | 7/2- | ||
| 145mSm | 8786.2(7) keV | 990(170) ns [0.96(+19-15) µs] |
(49/2+) | ||||||
| 146Sm[n 7] | 62 | 84 | 145.913041(4) | 9.20(26)×107 a[1] | α | 142Nd | 0+ | 痕量 | |
| 147Sm[n 7][n 8][n 9] | 62 | 85 | 146.9148979(26) | 1.06(2)×1011 a | α | 143Nd | 7/2- | 0.1499(18) | |
| 148Sm[n 7] | 62 | 86 | 147.9148227(26) | 7(3)×1015 a | α | 144Nd | 0+ | 0.1124(10) | |
| 149Sm[n 8][n 10] | 62 | 87 | 148.9171847(26) | 观测上稳定[n 11] | 7/2- | 0.1382(7) | |||
| 150Sm | 62 | 88 | 149.9172755(26) | 观测上稳定[n 12] | 0+ | 0.0738(1) | |||
| 151Sm[n 8][n 10] | 62 | 89 | 150.9199324(26) | 88.8(24) a | β− | 151Eu | 5/2- | ||
| 151mSm | 261.13(4) keV | 1.4(1) µs | (11/2)- | ||||||
| 152Sm[n 8] | 62 | 90 | 151.9197324(27) | 观测上稳定[n 13] | 0+ | 0.2675(16) | |||
| 153Sm[n 8] | 62 | 91 | 152.9220974(27) | 46.284(4) h | β− | 153Eu | 3/2+ | ||
| 153mSm | 98.37(10) keV | 10.6(3) ms | IT | 153Sm | 11/2- | ||||
| 154Sm[n 8] | 62 | 92 | 153.9222093(27) | 观测上稳定[n 14] | 0+ | 0.2275(29) | |||
| 155Sm | 62 | 93 | 154.9246402(28) | 22.3(2) min | β− | 155Eu | 3/2- | ||
| 156Sm | 62 | 94 | 155.925528(10) | 9.4(2) h | β− | 156Eu | 0+ | ||
| 156mSm | 1397.55(9) keV | 185(7) ns | 5- | ||||||
| 157Sm | 62 | 95 | 156.92836(5) | 8.03(7) min | β− | 157Eu | (3/2-) | ||
| 158Sm | 62 | 96 | 157.92999(8) | 5.30(3) min | β− | 158Eu | 0+ | ||
| 159Sm | 62 | 97 | 158.93321(11) | 11.37(15) s | β− | 159Eu | 5/2- | ||
| 160Sm | 62 | 98 | 159.93514(21)# | 9.6(3) s | β− | 160Eu | 0+ | ||
| 161Sm | 62 | 99 | 160.93883(32)# | 4.8(8) s | β− | 161Eu | 7/2+# | ||
| 162Sm | 62 | 100 | 161.94122(54)# | 2.4(5) s | β− | 162Eu | 0+ | ||
| 163Sm | 62 | 101 | 162.94536(75)# | 1# s | β− | 163Eu | 1/2-# | ||
| 164Sm | 62 | 102 | 163.94828(86)# | 500# ms | β− | 164Eu | 0+ | ||
| 165Sm | 62 | 103 | 164.95298(97)# | 200# ms | β− | 165Eu | 5/2-# | ||
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗体表示。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
- ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 144Nd
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Primordial radioisotope
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Fission product
- ^ Used in Samarium-neodymium dating
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Neutron poison in reactors
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 145Nd with a half-life over 2×1015 years
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 146Nd
- ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 148Nd
- ^ Believed to undergo β−β− decay to 154Gd with a half-life over 2.3×1018 years
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 钷的同位素 | 钐的同位素 | 铕的同位素 |
参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Chiera, Nadine M.; Sprung, Peter; Amelin, Yuri; Dressler, Rugard; Schumann, Dorothea; Talip, Zeynep. The 146Sm half-life re-measured: consolidating the chronometer for events in the early Solar System. Scientific Reports. 2024-08-01, 14 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Samir Maji; et al. Separation of samarium and neodymium: a prerequisite for getting signals from nuclear synthesis. Analyst. 2006, 131 (12): 1332–1334. Bibcode:2006Ana...131.1332M. PMID 17124541. doi:10.1039/b608157f.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Henderson, D. J.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Nakanishi, T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. A Shorter 146Sm Half-Life Measured and Implications for 146Sm-142Nd Chronology in the Solar System. Science. 30 March 2012, 335 (6076): 1614–1617. Bibcode:2012Sci...335.1614K. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22461609. S2CID 206538240. arXiv:1109.4805
. doi:10.1126/science.1215510 （英语）.（已撤稿，见doi:10.1126/science.adh7739)
- ^
Kinoshita, N.; Paul, M.; Kashiv, Y.; Collon, P.; Deibel, C. M.; DiGiovine, B.; Greene, J. P.; Jiang, C. L.; Marley, S. T.; Pardo, R. C.; Rehm, K. E.; Robertson, D.; Scott, R.; Schmitt, C.; Tang, X. D.; Vondrasek, R.; Yokoyama, A. Retraction. Science. 30 March 2023, 379 (6639): 1307. Bibcode:2023Sci...379.1307K. PMID 36996231. S2CID 236990856. doi:10.1126/science.adh7739 .
- Joelving, Frederik. One small error for a physicist, one giant blunder for planetary science. Retraction Watch. 30 March 2023 [30 March 2023]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-28）.
- ^ He, M.; Shen, H.; Shi, G.; Yin, X.; Tian, W.; Jiang, S. Half-life of 151Sm remeasured. Physical Review C. 2009, 80 (6): 064305. Bibcode:2009PhRvC..80f4305H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.80.064305.
- ^ 存档副本. [2015-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.