睫毛

睫毛是长于眼睑的边缘的毛发。具有保护眼睛的功用，十分敏感。如果有尘埃等异物碰到睫毛，眼睑会反射性地合上，以保护眼球。

形态学

长度和厚度

人类睫毛的长度不因性别^[1]或种族而异，^[2]人类的上睫毛长度通常为 7 至 8 毫米，^[1]并且长度通常不超过 10 毫米。^[3] 下睫毛平均长度在 5 至 6 毫米之间。^[2] 当睫毛长度达到或超过 10 毫米时，就被认为是长睫毛。 ^[4] 人类睫毛的长度、厚度和黑度随着年龄的增长而显着减少。^[5]

社会与文化

长睫毛被视为美丽的标志，在许多文化中被认为是有吸引力的面部特征。该对象表现出睫毛肥大症，睫毛长度为 12 毫米，超过通常认为较长的 10 毫米

在许多文化中，长而饱满的睫毛长期以来被认为是美丽的标志。 ^[6] 尽管不因性别而异，也不是第二性征，但长睫毛经常被认为是一种女性特征，研究表明，拥有较长睫毛的女性被认为更健康、更女性化。 ^[7] 尽管如此，长睫毛对于男性和女性来说都被视为有吸引力的面部特征。 ^[8] 另一方面，哈扎妇女会修剪自己的睫毛。^[9]

美容

绿色的睫毛膏所染的睫毛颜色

在现代文化中，长眼睫毛普遍地被视为女性化的象征。为了使眼睫毛变得更长，部分女性会选用诸如睫毛液或假睫毛等产品。另一方面，位于非洲东部坦桑尼亚的哈扎人女性却反而会修剪她们的眼睫毛。^[10]

除了睫毛液和假睫毛，眼影粉亦能够令睫毛看起来更漂亮。早在青铜器时期，人类已懂得用眼影粉来保护及强调睫毛。在古埃及，王室及有钱人会利用眼影粉来防止沙、尘或昆虫走进他们的眼睛。

动物的睫毛

马的眼睛，露出睫毛

在哺乳动物中常见成为毛发的睫毛。骆驼的睫毛非常长并且厚。马和牛的睫毛也十分有特点。在一些马和狗的种类中，也常见遗传性睫毛问题。

在鸟类中，睫毛是一个不常见的特点。犀鸟有突出的睫毛（即没有倒钩的退化羽毛），鸵鸟也是如此。爬行动物中，仅有许氏棕榈蝮在眼上表现出变性的鳞片，看起来十分像睫毛。

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 A study of normal eyelashes in Japanese individuals. www.oatext.com. [2023-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-24）（英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Na, J.I.; Kwon, O.S.; Kim, B.J.; Park, W.S.; Oh, J.K.; Kim, K.H.; Cho, K.H.; Eun, H.C. Ethnic characteristics of eyelashes: a comparative analysis in Asian and Caucasian females. British Journal of Dermatology. 2006-08-30, 155 (6): 1170–1176. ISSN 0007-0963. PMID 17107385. S2CID 26752340. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07495.x.
^ Thibaut, S.; De Becker, E.; Caisey, L.; Baras, D.; Karatas, S.; Jammayrac, O.; Pisella, P.J.; Bernard, B.A. Human eyelash characterization. British Journal of Dermatology. 2009-09-01, 162 (2): 304–310. ISSN 0007-0963. PMID 19804590. S2CID 40635760. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09487.x.
^ Eyelashes, Long. elementsofmorphology.nih.gov. [2023-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-16）.
^ Glaser, Dee A.; Jones, Derek; Carruthers, Jean; Campo, Antoinette; Moench, Susan; Tardie, Greg; Largent, Joan; Caulkins, Carrie. Epidemiologic Analysis of Change in Eyelash Characteristics With Increasing Age in a Population of Healthy Women. Dermatologic Surgery. November 2014, 40 (11): 1208–1213 [2023-08-17]. ISSN 1076-0512. PMID 25347452. S2CID 24703542. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000170. （原始内容存档于2023-05-16）（美国英语）.
^ Aguinaldo, Erick; Mousavi, Maedeh; Peissig, Jessie. Eyelashes and Attraction: Eyelash Length and Fullness are Significantly Correlated with Facial Attractiveness. Journal of Vision. 2018-09-01, 18 (10): 1338. ISSN 1534-7362. S2CID 149895886. doi:10.1167/18.10.1338  （英语）.
^ Adam, Aimee. Beauty is in the eye of the beautiful: Enhanced eyelashes increase perceived health and attractiveness.. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. October 2021, 15 (4): 356–367. ISSN 2330-2933. S2CID 214292834. doi:10.1037/ebs0000192 （英语）.
^ Pazhoohi, Farid; Kingstone, Alan. The effect of eyelash length on attractiveness: A previously uninvestigated indicator of beauty.. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. April 2022, 16 (2): 176–180. ISSN 2330-2933. S2CID 228846079. doi:10.1037/ebs0000243 （英语）.
^ Hadza. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures, Vol. 1. New York: Springer. 2003. ISBN 978-0-306-47770-6.
^ Hadza. Encyclopedia of sex and gender: men and women in the world's cultures, Volume 1. New York: Springer. 2003. ISBN 978-0306477706.

参看

眉毛

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 A study of normal eyelashes in Japanese individuals. www.oatext.com. [2023-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-24）（英语）.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Na, J.I.; Kwon, O.S.; Kim, B.J.; Park, W.S.; Oh, J.K.; Kim, K.H.; Cho, K.H.; Eun, H.C. Ethnic characteristics of eyelashes: a comparative analysis in Asian and Caucasian females. British Journal of Dermatology. 2006-08-30, 155 (6): 1170–1176. ISSN 0007-0963. PMID 17107385. S2CID 26752340. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07495.x.

[:5-3] Thibaut, S.; De Becker, E.; Caisey, L.; Baras, D.; Karatas, S.; Jammayrac, O.; Pisella, P.J.; Bernard, B.A. Human eyelash characterization. British Journal of Dermatology. 2009-09-01, 162 (2): 304–310. ISSN 0007-0963. PMID 19804590. S2CID 40635760. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09487.x.

[4] Eyelashes, Long. elementsofmorphology.nih.gov. [2023-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-16）.

[5] Glaser, Dee A.; Jones, Derek; Carruthers, Jean; Campo, Antoinette; Moench, Susan; Tardie, Greg; Largent, Joan; Caulkins, Carrie. Epidemiologic Analysis of Change in Eyelash Characteristics With Increasing Age in a Population of Healthy Women. Dermatologic Surgery. November 2014, 40 (11): 1208–1213 [2023-08-17]. ISSN 1076-0512. PMID 25347452. S2CID 24703542. doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000000170. （原始内容存档于2023-05-16）（美国英语）.

[6] Aguinaldo, Erick; Mousavi, Maedeh; Peissig, Jessie. Eyelashes and Attraction: Eyelash Length and Fullness are Significantly Correlated with Facial Attractiveness. Journal of Vision. 2018-09-01, 18 (10): 1338. ISSN 1534-7362. S2CID 149895886. doi:10.1167/18.10.1338  （英语）.

[7] Adam, Aimee. Beauty is in the eye of the beautiful: Enhanced eyelashes increase perceived health and attractiveness.. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. October 2021, 15 (4): 356–367. ISSN 2330-2933. S2CID 214292834. doi:10.1037/ebs0000192 （英语）.

[8] Pazhoohi, Farid; Kingstone, Alan. The effect of eyelash length on attractiveness: A previously uninvestigated indicator of beauty.. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences. April 2022, 16 (2): 176–180. ISSN 2330-2933. S2CID 228846079. doi:10.1037/ebs0000243 （英语）.

[9] Hadza. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender: Men and Women in the World's Cultures, Vol. 1. New York: Springer. 2003. ISBN 978-0-306-47770-6.

[10] Hadza. Encyclopedia of sex and gender: men and women in the world's cultures, Volume 1. New York: Springer. 2003. ISBN 978-0306477706.

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