邦蘇豬籠草
邦蘇豬籠草(學名:Nepenthes bongso)是蘇門答臘特有的熱帶食蟲植物,存在於海拔1000米至2700米處。[9][10][11]其種加詞「bongso」來自於印度尼西亞神話中默拉皮火山的守護神「Putri Bungsu」,其字面意思為「最小的女兒」。[10]
邦蘇豬籠草 | |
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邦蘇豬籠草剛打開的下位籠 | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
目: | 石竹目 Caryophyllales |
科: | 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae |
屬: | 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes |
種: | 邦蘇豬籠草 N. bongso
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二名法 | |
Nepenthes bongso | |
邦蘇豬籠草的分布地 | |
異名 | |
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邦蘇豬籠草新開捕蟲籠的顏色較淺,一段時間後唇即變為黑色,而籠身轉為紅褐色。某些變型的唇極寬大,可超過維奇豬籠草(N. veitchii)。[9]
在食蟲植物數據庫中,分類學家簡·斯洛爾(Jan Schlauer)認為容洪豬籠草(N. junghuhnii)可能是邦蘇豬籠草的同物異名。[12]
植物學史
編輯彼得·威廉·科薩爾在他1839年發表的專著《關於豬籠草屬》中正式描述了邦蘇豬籠草。[1]
肉瘤豬籠草(N. carunculata)[注 1]被認為是邦蘇豬籠草的一個同物異名。[7][8][10][13]1994年,約阿希姆·那茲和安德烈亞斯·維斯圖巴描述了該類群的一個變種——強壯肉瘤豬籠草(N. carunculata var. robusta)。[14]該類群的可變性極大,其唇寬大,平展。[14]
相關物種
編輯邦蘇豬籠草、疑惑豬籠草、塔藍山豬籠草和細豬籠草之間形態特徵的差別(Nerz & Wistuba, 1994) | ||||
形態特徵 | 邦蘇豬籠草 | 疑惑豬籠草 | 塔藍山豬籠草 | 細豬籠草 |
---|---|---|---|---|
上位籠的形狀 | 管狀-漏斗形 | 下半部為管狀, 上半部為漏斗形 |
下半部為管狀至窄漏斗形, 上半部為卵形 |
寬漏斗形,在唇下略微收縮 |
籠蓋 | 圓形 | 窄楔形 | 寬卵形 | 非常窄的橢圓形 |
上位籠的長寬比 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.75 |
自然雜交種
編輯已發現了以下關於邦蘇豬籠草的自然雜交種:
- N. bongso × N. gymnamphora[10]
- N. bongso × N. singalana[10]
- N. bongso × N. talangensis[10]
在B·H·丹瑟1928年發表的著作《荷屬東印度群島的豬籠草科植物》中提到,他發現了邦蘇豬籠草與梳狀豬籠草的自然雜交種(N. bongso × N. pectinata)。[4]但在12年後,B·H·丹瑟改變了自己的看法,將其描述為密花豬籠草(N. densiflora)。
注釋
編輯參考文獻
編輯- ^ 1.0 1.1 (荷蘭文) Korthals, P.W. 1839. Over het geslacht Nepenthes. In: C.J. Temminck 1839–1842. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen; Kruidkunde. Leiden. pp. 1–44, t. 1–4, 13–15, 20–22.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 (印尼文) Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.) Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers. Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp. 75–109.
- ^ Ridley, H.N. 1908. Nepenthaceæ. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) [p. 320] In: On a collection of plants made by H. C. Robinson and L. Wray from Gunong Tahan, Pahang. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) The Journal of the Linnean Society: Botany 38(266): 301–336. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1908.tb02454.x
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Danser, B.H. 1928. 5. Nepenthes Bongso KORTH. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
- ^ Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
- ^ Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. A real nice trip to Southeast Asia.PDF (1.72 MiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 19–28.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 52–53. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes junghuhnii (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Carnivorous Plant Database.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Nerz, J. & A. Wistuba 1994. Five new taxa of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North and West Sumatra (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23(4): 101–114.
- Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
- (拉丁文) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
- Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
- Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
- Hernawati & P. Akhriadi 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. PILI-NGO Movement, Bogor.
- Kato, M., M. Hotta, R. Tamin & T. Itino 1993. Inter- and intra-specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in Nepenthes pitchers in Sumatra. Tropical Zoology 6(1): 11–25. Abstract
- Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
- Macfarlane, J.M. 1914. Family XCVI. Nepenthaceæ. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) [pp. 279–288] In: J.S. Gamble. Materials for a flora of the Malayan Peninsula, No. 24. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Journal & Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 75(3): 279–391.
- (印尼文) Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
- Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
- (德文) Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
- Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
- (印尼文) Puspitaningtyas, D.M. & H. Wawangningrum 2007. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes di Suaka Alam Sulasih Talang - Sumatera Barat. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) [Nepenthes diversity in Sulasih Talang Nature Reserve - West Sumatra.] Biodiversitas 8(2): 152–156. Cover (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Ridley, H.N. 1915. Nepenthaceæ. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) [pp. 168–169] In: XIII. The botany of Gunong Tahan, Pahang. (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums 6: 127–202.
- Schnell, D., Catling, P., Folkerts, G., Frost, C., Gardner, R. et al. Nepenthes bongso. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [11 May 2006]. Listed as Vulnerable (VU B1+2e v2.3).
- Shivas, R.G. 1984. Three Nepenthes from the Padang Highlands.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 13(1): 10–15.
- (印尼文) Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994. Kajian kekerabatan jenis-jenis Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat. Project report, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract
- (印尼文) Syamsuardi 1995. Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar (Nepenthes) di Sumatera Barat. [Numerical classification of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in West Sumatra.] Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4(1): 48–57. Abstract