希格斯玻色子的探索历史
在本篇文章里,希格斯玻色子简称为“希子”。所有实验结果的“置信水平”都是使用信号置信水平方法计算求得。[1]假若侦测到可能为新粒子的事件数量超过背景数量,则称此为“超额事件”。任何发现新粒子的超额事件必需多过5个标准差才可算为正式发现。假若超额事件多过5个标准差,则侦测错误的机会是百万分之一。
1989年-2009年
编辑2010年
编辑2011年
编辑- 7月24日,分析超环面仪器(ATLAS)的实验数据,排除标准模型希子的质量在155-以内,置信水平95%; 190 GeV[8]又从紧凑缈子线圈(CMS)得到的实验结果,排除质量在149-以内,置信水平95%。 206 GeV[9]超环面仪器实验团队在同报告里表示,LHC可能已侦测到希子的踪迹,在低质量值域120−,侦测到超额事件,大约超过背景数量期望值2.8个 140 GeV标准差。[10]
- 7月27日,CDF/DØ实验团队发表结果,延伸先前排除值域至156-,置信水平95%;另外,在值域125- 177 GeV内,发现少许超额事件(大约1个标准差)。 155 GeV[11]
2012年
编辑- 3月7日,CDF/DØ实验团队表示,在Tevatron的全部数据里,侦测到可以被认为是希子的超额事件,质量在115-值域,标准差为2.2,对应于可能是统计涨落的 135 GeV或然率是250分之1。这符合超环面仪器与CMS独立获得的结果。[17]这结果排除希子质量在147-以内,置信水平95%。 179 GeV[18]
- 7月2日,DØ与CDF实验团队宣布,进一步分析使他们更加有信心。他们排除希子的质量在100-、147- 103 GeV以内,置信水平95%。在能量115–140 GeV之间区域,超额事件的显著性差异现在定量为2.9个 180 GeV标准差,这对应于在550次事件中,有一次事件是归咎于统计涨落。这结果仍旧未能达到5个标准差,因此不能够作定论。[19][20]
- 7月2日,超环面仪器实验团队发表2011年实验数据分析,排除希子的质量在111.4-、119.4- 116.6 GeV、129.2- 122.1 GeV以内,置信水平95%,又在质量 541 GeV附近检测出超额事件,标准差为2.9 126 GeV[21]
2013年
编辑参阅
编辑参考文献
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