保罗·里维尔
美国银匠、爱国者
保罗·里维尔（英语：Paul Revere；/rɪˈvɪər/，1735年1月1日—1818年5月10日）是美国马萨诸塞州波士顿银匠、实业家，也是美国独立战争时期的一名爱国者。保罗·里维尔是位杰出的军人，他协助组建一个对英军的情报与警报系统。他最著名的事迹是在列克星敦和康科德战役前夜警告民军方面，英军即将来袭。美国诗人亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗于1861年发表诗作《保罗·里维尔骑马来》，对此事件进行了戏剧化的诠释。
| 保罗·里维尔 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 出生 | 1735年1月1日（美国旧历为1734年12月21日） 英属美洲马萨诸塞湾省波士顿北区 |
| 逝世 | 1818年5月10日（83岁） 美国马萨诸塞州波士顿 |
| 职业 | 银匠、分钟人军官 |
| 签名 | |
 | |
1775年4月18日晚间，里维尔请马萨诸塞湾省老北教堂的司事罗伯特·纽曼（Robert Newman）和民军上尉约翰·普林（John Pulling）各带一盏灯上到小北教堂的尖顶悬挂，因为他和河口对岸的查尔斯顿的民军约好：“挂一盏是陆军，挂两盏是海军（One if by land, two if by sea）。”用以警示英军出动收缴民军武器的行动方式。挂灯后里维尔和其他民兵也快马赶往更远的列克星敦跟当地同志亲自报信，另一批人则快马前往康科德报信。
里维尔稍后担任马萨诸塞民兵军官，直到佩那保斯凯特远征后，才解甲归田。这场战役后，里维尔重拾他的银匠与铸造生意，并将利润投注在铸铁、铸铜铃、铸炮与锻造铜螺丝、长钉上，生意相当成功。最后，在1800年他成为美国第一位成功制作铜片作为军舰防护板的人。
参考文献
编辑- Alexander, John. Samuel Adams: America's Revolutionary Politician. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 2002. ISBN 9780742521148.
- Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Library of Military History. New York: David McKay. 1975 [1964] [2019-04-20]. ISBN 978-0-618-00194-1. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
- Brooks, Victor. The Boston Campaign: April 1775–March 1776. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Publishing. 1999. ISBN 978-0-585-23453-3.
- Drake, Samuel Adams. Historic Mansions and Highways Around Boston. Boston: Little, Brown. 1899 [2019-04-20]. OCLC 1838072. （原始内容存档于2019-05-14）.
- Falino, Jeannine. "The Pride Which Pervades thro every Class": The Customers of Paul Revere. Boston, Massachusetts: University Press of Virginia. 2001.
- Federhen, Deborah. From Artisan to Entrepreneur: Paul Revere's Silver Shop Operation. Boston, Massachusetts: Paul Revere Memorial Association. 1988.
- Fischer, David Hackett. Paul Revere's ride. New York: Oxford University Press. 1994 [2019-04-20]. ISBN 0-19-508847-6. （原始内容存档于2020-09-26）. This work is extensively footnoted, and contains a voluminous list of primary resources concerning all aspects of the Revere's ride and the battles at Lexington and Concord.
- Forbes, Esther. Paul Revere and the World He Lived in. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1999 [1942] [2019-04-20]. ISBN 978-0-618-00194-1. （原始内容存档于2020-11-07）.
- Gettemy, Charles. The True Story of Paul Revere. Boston: Little, Brown. 1905 [2019-04-20]. OCLC 1375230. （原始内容存档于2019-05-12）.
- Goss, Elbridge Henry. The Life of Colonel Paul Revere. Boston: J. G. Cupples. 1891 [2019-04-20]. OCLC 3589045. （原始内容存档于2019-05-12）.（Volume 2）
- Ketchum, Robert. Decisive Day: The Battle For Bunker Hill. New York: Henry Holt and Co. 1999 [1974]. ISBN 9780805060997.
- Martello, Robert. Midnight Ride, Industrial Dawn: Paul Revere and the Growth of American Enterprise. Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 2010.
- McDonald, Forrest; McDonald, Ellen. The Ethnic Origins of the American People, 1790. The William and Mary Quarterly. Third. April 1980, 37 (2): 179–199. JSTOR 1919495.
- McNamara, John. History in Asphalt: The Origin of Bronx Street and Place Names, Borough of the Bronx, New York City. Fleischmanns, New York: Harbor Hill Books. 1978.
- Miller, Joel J. The Revolutionary Paul Revere. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. 2010. ISBN 978-1-59555-074-3.
- Murrin, John M.; et al. Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume I: To 1877. Florence, Kentucky: Wadsworth–Thomson Learning. 2002 [1996].
- Paul Revere, Artisan, Businessman and Patriot: The Man Behind the Myth. Boston: Paul Revere Memorial Association (PRMA). 1988.
- 保罗·里维尔. Paul Revere's Three Accounts of His Famous Ride. Introduction by Edmund Morgan. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. 1961. ISBN 978-0-9619999-0-2.
- Ruland, Richard; Bradbury, Malcolm. From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A History of American Literature. New York: Viking. 1991.
- Schmidt, Leah A. Revere Beach. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing. 2002. ISBN 978-0-7385-1030-9.
- Steblecki, Edith J. Paul Revere and Freemasonry. Boston: Paul Revere Memorial Association (PRMA). 1985. OCLC 17485269.
- Triber, Jayne. A True Republican: The Life of Paul Revere. Amherst, Massachusetts: 马萨诸塞大学出版社. 1998. ISBN 978-1-55849-139-7.
- United States, National Archives and Records Service. Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration.
- Upham, Warren. Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. 1920 [2019-04-20]. OCLC 34232868. （原始内容存档于2019-05-13）.
- Waters, Deborah Dependahl. A Handsome Cupboard of Plate: Early American Silver in the Cahn Collection. Cambridge, England: John Adamson. 2013. ISBN 978-1-898565-11-6.
外部链接
编辑
- Chisholm, Hugh (编). Revere, Paul. Encyclopædia Britannica (第11版). London: Cambridge University Press. 1911.
- 保罗·列维尔遗产项目 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 保罗·列维尔故居（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
