三甲氧基硅烷
化合物
三甲氧基硅烷是一种有机化合物,是化学式为(CH3O)3SiH的无色易燃液体。
三甲氧基硅烷 | |
---|---|
别名 | TMS |
识别 | |
CAS号 | 2487-90-3 |
PubChem | 6327428 |
性质 | |
化学式 | C3H10O3Si |
摩尔质量 | 122.2 g·mol−1 |
密度 | 0.860 g·cm−3 |
熔点 | −114.8 °C(158.3 K)[1] |
沸点 | 81 °C(354 K)[1] |
危险性 | |
主要危害 | 有毒,可造成角膜损伤[2] |
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
合成
编辑三甲氧基硅烷可由硅、氯化亚铜和甲醇在240 °C反应制得。[3]三氯氢硅和甲醇在二甲苯和石油醚中反应,也能得到三甲氧基硅烷。[4]
反应
编辑三甲氧基硅烷和二氢化(P,P,P',P'-四环己基乙二膦)合铂(II)发生配体取代反应,可以得到二(三甲氧基硅基)(P,P,P',P'-四环己基乙二膦)合铂(II)。[5]
它可以和烯烃或炔烃发生硅氢化反应,如在三氯化钌的催化下和乙烯反应,生成乙基三甲氧基硅烷[6];和1-己炔反应,得到1-三甲氧基硅基-1-己烯。[7]
它是一种还原剂,在有机合成中可用于将酯、醛等化合物中的羰基还原。[2]例如,在氯化锌存在下,它可以将4-(4-硝基苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮还原为1-(4-硝基苯基)-1-丁烯;[8]或将苯乙酮还原为1-苯乙醇。[9]
参考文献
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 Sternbach, Burt; MacDiarmid, Alan G. The Preparation of Methoxysilanes by the Interaction of Monosilane and Methanol. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2002, 81 (19): 5109–5110. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01528a023.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 L. Larson, Gerald; L. Fry, James. Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions: 1–737. 2008. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or071.01.
- ^ Watanabe, Yoshiyuki; Shibuya, Hiromitsu; Suzuki, Eiichi. Development of the chlorine-free monosilane production process via methoxysilanes using a fluidized-bed reactor. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2003. 145. 547-548. ISSN: 0167-2991. CODEN: SSCTDM.
- ^ 吴洪特, 刘侨, 汤艳. 双溶剂法合成三甲氧基硅烷. 精细石油化工, 2006 (06): 62-64.
- ^ Mitzenheim, Cathérine; Braun, Thomas. Si-Si and Si-O Bond Activation at Platinum: Stepwise Formation of a SiH3Complex. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2013, 52 (33): 8625–8628. ISSN 1433-7851. doi:10.1002/anie.201302459.
- ^ Liu, L.; Li, X.; Ma, Y.; Wu, C.; Han, G. Selective Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Ethylene. Preparation of Ethyltrimethoxysilane by H2O Promoted RuCl3 ⋅ 3H2O Catalyst. Kinetics and Catalysis. 2020, 61 (3): 414–420. ISSN 0023-1584. doi:10.1134/S0023158420030167.
- ^ Ojima, Iwao; Clos, Nuria; Donovan, Robert J.; Ingallina, Patrizia. Hydrosilylation of 1-hexyne catalyzed by rhodium and cobalt-rhodium mixed-metal complexes. Mechanism of apparent trans addition. Organometallics. 2002, 9 (12): 3127–3133. ISSN 0276-7333. doi:10.1021/om00162a026.
- ^ Li, Jiayun; Peng, Jiajian; Bai, Ying; Chen, Lingzhen; Lai, Guoqiao. Rapid Selective Defunctionalization of the Carbonyl Group of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with Trialkoxylsilane/ZnX2. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. 2011, 186 (8): 1621–1625. ISSN 1042-6507. doi:10.1080/10426507.2010.536188.
- ^ Hosomi, Akira; Hayashida, Hisashi; Kohra, Shinya; Tominaga, Yoshinori. Pentaco-ordinate silicon compounds in synthesis: chemo- and stereo-selective reduction of carbonyl compounds using trialkoxy-substituted silanes and alkali metal alkoxides. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications. 1986, (18): 1411. ISSN 0022-4936. doi:10.1039/c39860001411.