帮助:黎巴嫩阿拉伯语国际音标
 | 这页是维基百科的黎巴嫩阿拉伯语国际音标发音指南。 |
下列图表展示了在维基百科条目中用国际音标（IPA）表示黎巴嫩阿拉伯语发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见{{IPA-apc}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。请注意，其中一些符号的使用方式是维基百科特有的，与词典使用的方式不同。
维基百科对黎巴嫩阿拉伯语元音的转录可能更笼统、更抽象，可能只使用第一列（主要元音）中的符号，也可能使用第二列（变体、同位异音）中的符号以更详细、更精确地转录；参见狭义转录与广义转录。在狭义转录中，如果“变体、同位异音”列显示由波浪号连接的两个元音（例如ɑ~ʌ），在维基百科中应使用第一个元音，即使第二个元音与转录的声音更接近。
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| 特例 | ||
|---|---|---|
| 阿拉伯字母/符号 | 示例 | 解释 |
| ال (“定冠词”) | [lˈhɪnde] الهندي (“印度人”) | 定冠词ال位于词首，为单辅音，自成一音节。其默认形式为[l]，但可被后接的舌冠音（如[t d tˤ dˤ r s z sˤ zˤ ʃ ʒ]）同化。 |
| [zˈzeːn] الزين (“美人”) | ||
另见
编辑注释
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 ظ ,ذ ,ث represent [s], [z], [zˤ], respectively, except in certain words borrowed from Modern Standard Arabic, where they represent [θ], [ð], and [ðˤ].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The letter ⟨ة⟩ appears at the end of a word, indicating that it is singular and feminine. It represents the sound [-t] when the word is grammatically possessed by something. Otherwise, the letter only represents a vowel that varies between [a~ɑ] and [e~i]. In broad transcription, use /a/ following an emphatic consonant or any of /ʔ h ħ ʕ x ɣ r/, except following /iːr/, in which case use /e/. Also use /e/ after all other consonants. In narrow transcription, follow the same rules, except use [ɑ] after an emphatic consonant.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Original */q/ ق continues to be pronounced as /q/ by the Lebanese Druze, but speakers in the rest of the country exhibit this pronunciation only marginally and mostly in proper nouns like /qur.ʔaːn/ "Qur'an". In all other words, despite occasional regional variation, its most-standard pronunciation is /ʔ/. Therefore, transcribe as /q/ in such proper nouns and in terms pertaining to the Druze, and as /ʔ/ otherwise.
- ^ Broad transcription should use /a/ exclusively. Narrow transcription should instead use [ɑ] when either immediately after an emphatic consonant or anywhere before one in the same word.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Except word-finally, there is no functional phonemic distinction between "tense" [i u] and their "lax" counterparts [ɪ ʊ], and for some speakers they are in free variation. Broad transcription should use /i u/ exclusively. Narrow transcription can use [i u] invariably before the semivowels [j w] and in light syllables, but [ɪ ʊ] in stressed and heavy/superheavy syllables. If a consonant-final word ends in an unstressed syllable containing /i/, however, use [i] in narrow transcription rather than [ɪ].
- ^ Assimilates to nearby consonants and vowels.
- ^ Inserted sometimes to break up a cluster of two consonants at the end of a syllable, creating an extra syllable that can never be stressed. Prefer not to transcribe, as in برد /bard/ "cold", but if the intent is to match an English transliteration that represents it, then use parentheses as in برد /bar(ə)d/.
- ^ (The pronunciation of "long a" in a given context varies greatly from region to region, so if a word can be demonstrated to have a common pronunciation in violation of the following guidelines, record it as well.) The default pronunciation is /eː/ [eː]. In broad transcription, use /aː/ when directly adjacent to an emphatic consonant or /r/, as well as when anywhere before an emphatic consonant in the same word, and lastly when immediately following any of /x ɣ ħ ʕ ʔ/. In narrow transcription, follow the same rules, except use [ɑː] in the same proximities of an emphatic consonant and [æː] after [ʔ]. (The pronunciation /ɒː~ɔː/ is a regional variant of /ɑː/).
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 In Lebanese Arabic, the original Arabic diphthongs */aj aw/ are typically preserved in all syllables that are not word-final. In word-final closed syllables, they are only rarely (and/or regionally) conserved, instead resulting in the monophthongs /eː oː/ in "standard" speech. In both cases, certain speakers may substitute /ej ow/, but this should not be favored in transcription.
- ^ Only appears in monosyllables like شِي /ʃi(ː)/ "something" as an alternative realization of /-iː/, as well as traditionally in various suffixes spelled with ـي: the verbal second-person-feminine conjugational suffix seen in تَعِي /taʕi/ "come! (feminine)", the first-person possessive enclitic seen in كتَابِي /kteːbi/ "my book", the nisba suffix as in لِبنانِي /libneːni/ "Lebanese", and others. The latter set of examples is merged by many speakers into -e, however. Therefore, transcribe with both, as in لِبنانِي /libneːne, -ni/.
- ^ Only appears in monosyllables like شُو /ʃu(ː)/ "what" as an alternative realization of /-uː/, as well as traditionally in the verbal third-person-plural conjugational suffix: إِجُوا /ʔiʒu/ "they came". The latter is merged by many speakers into /-o/ as seen below, however. Therefore, transcribe with both, as in إِجُوا /ʔiʒu, -o/.
- ^ Traditionally and for certain speakers, only appears in loanwords like French-derived /gatˈto/ and /majˈjo/, as well as in the "he" enclitic pronoun: كتَابُو /kteːbo/ "his book". In both cases, it is misleadingly spelled with و in the Arabic script, but do not take this to mean that it should be transcribed /-u/.