云斑厚纹蟹

云斑厚纹蟹
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门：	甲壳亚门 Crustacea
纲：	软甲纲 Malacostraca
目：	十足目 Decapoda
亚目：	腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目：	短尾下目 Brachyura
科：	方蟹科 Grapsidae
属：	厚纹蟹属 Pachygrapsus
种：	云斑厚纹蟹 P. marmoratus
二名法
	Pachygrapsus marmoratus; (Fabricius, 1787)
异名
	Cancer marmoratus; Cancer femoralis; Grapsus varius; Grapsus savignyi;

云斑厚纹蟹（学名：Pachygrapsus marmoratus）是厚纹蟹属的一种螃蟹，分布于黑海、地中海和大西洋的部分地区。

特征

云斑厚纹蟹的甲壳呈方形，长2.2-3.6厘米，呈深紫褐色，有黄色的大理石纹。^[2]它们的甲壳上每边有三个锯齿，这与地中海的其他厚纹蟹属生物有所不同。^[2]^[3]它们能够移动得很快，飞快的走入石缝之间，很难捕捉。^[2]

分布

云斑厚纹蟹广泛分布在南欧^[4]的黑海至摩洛哥海岸，并沿葡萄牙、西班牙及法国的大西洋海岸^[5]，与及在北至英国南安普敦的英吉利海峡出没。^[5]它们的分布地扩展可能与全球暖化有关。^[6]

生态

云斑厚纹蟹是杂食性的，主要吃其栖息地内丰富的藻类及动物。它们最喜欢吃蚌、帽贝及同种相食。^[4]它们只会使用一种方式攻击帽贝，但往往不成功。^[7]在有荫的海边，它们会较少吃蚌，取而代之是吃藤壶。^[8]

云斑厚纹蟹的天敌包括麝香章鱼。^[9]

云斑厚纹蟹的幼体是浮游动物，只可以生存31天。这样使得它们群落间有高度的基因流，及广泛散布到新的地区。^[10]

参考

^ Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286 [2010-02-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rose Edwards. Pachygrapsus marmoratus: a marbled rock crab. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2005 [2010-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-23）.
^ A. M. Vaccaro & C. Pipitone. First record of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in Italian waters (PDF). Crustaceana. 2005, 78 (6): 677–83 [2010-02-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 S. Cannicci, M. Gomei, B. Boddi & M. Vannini. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: Opportunistic browser or selective feeder?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2002, 54 (6): 983–1001. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0869.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Ray W. Ingle & Paul F. Clark. First reported occurrences of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) in southern coastal waters of the British Isles (PDF). JMBA2 Biodiversity Records. 2006. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21）.
^ Jean-Claude Dauvin. New record of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records. 2009, 2: e92. doi:10.1017/S1755267209001109.
^ Ana Silva, Diana Boaventura, Augusto Flores, Pedro Ré & Stephen J. Hawkins. Rare predation by the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus on the limpet Patella depressa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2004, 84 (2): 367–70. doi:10.1017/S0025315404009294h.
^ Ana Catarina Ferreira Silva, Sónia Brazão, Steve J. Hawkins, Richard C. Thompson & Diana M. Boaventura. Abundance, population structure and claw morphology of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) on shores of differing wave exposure. Marine Biology. 2009, 156 (12): 2591–9. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1283-1.
^ Halil Şen. Food preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in captive conditions (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2007, 1 (2): 29–31. ^{[失效链接]}
^ Inês C. Silva, Natacha Mesquita, Christoph D. Schubart, Maria Judite Alves & José Paula. Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2009, 378 (1–2): 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.032.

[Ng-1] Peter K. L. Ng, Danièle Guinot & Peter J. F. Davie. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2008, 17: 1–286 [2010-02-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06）.

[Marlin-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Rose Edwards. Pachygrapsus marmoratus: a marbled rock crab. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2005 [2010-01-11]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-23）.

[3] A. M. Vaccaro & C. Pipitone. First record of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in Italian waters (PDF). Crustaceana. 2005, 78 (6): 677–83 [2010-02-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.

[Cannicci-4] 4.0 ^4.1 S. Cannicci, M. Gomei, B. Boddi & M. Vannini. Feeding habits and natural diet of the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: Opportunistic browser or selective feeder?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2002, 54 (6): 983–1001. doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0869.

[JMBA2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Ray W. Ingle & Paul F. Clark. First reported occurrences of the marbled crab, Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) in southern coastal waters of the British Isles (PDF). JMBA2 Biodiversity Records. 2006. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21）.

[6] Jean-Claude Dauvin. New record of the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsoidea) on the coast of northern Cotentin, Normandy, western English Channel. Marine Biodiversity Records. 2009, 2: e92. doi:10.1017/S1755267209001109.

[7] Ana Silva, Diana Boaventura, Augusto Flores, Pedro Ré & Stephen J. Hawkins. Rare predation by the intertidal crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus on the limpet Patella depressa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2004, 84 (2): 367–70. doi:10.1017/S0025315404009294h.

[8] Ana Catarina Ferreira Silva, Sónia Brazão, Steve J. Hawkins, Richard C. Thompson & Diana M. Boaventura. Abundance, population structure and claw morphology of the semi-terrestrial crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) on shores of differing wave exposure. Marine Biology. 2009, 156 (12): 2591–9. doi:10.1007/s00227-009-1283-1.

[9] Halil Şen. Food preference of Eledone moschata Lamarck, 1799 (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in captive conditions (PDF). International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2007, 1 (2): 29–31. ^{[失效链接]}

[10] Inês C. Silva, Natacha Mesquita, Christoph D. Schubart, Maria Judite Alves & José Paula. Genetic patchiness of the shore crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus along the Portuguese coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2009, 378 (1–2): 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.07.032.

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