巽他陸棚

巽他陸棚是東南亞的向東南方向延伸的大陸架。陸地部分包括了馬來半島、蘇門答臘島、加里曼丹島、爪哇島、巴厘島及附近小島嶼。^[1] 覆蓋區域約1.85百萬km²。^[2]海洋部分的深度很少超過50米，大部分深度甚至不足20米，這導致了強烈的海水流動的底部摩擦與強烈的潮汐摩擦。^[3] 巽他陸棚以陡峭的海底坡度與菲律賓、蘇拉威西、小巽他群島分隔開。

巽他古陸（英語：Sundaland）是一個生物地理學上的概念，指的是末次冰期由於海平面下降而在東南亞地區露出水面並連成一體的陸地。

巽他陸棚的海域是相對穩定的古準平原，低地震活動、低重力異常、沒有活火山。

14.6-14.3千年前，300年間海平面快速上升了16米。^[4]

當前的海平面淹沒了更新世的Molengraaf河流系統 - 18,000至20,000年前位於巽他古陸的三條大河。^[5]在更新世最乾旱的時候，以西加里曼丹與蘇門答臘的大部分為流域區的大巽他河（Great Sunda River）在勿里洞島與加里曼丹島之間向東北流至南、北納吐納群島之間。^[6] 北爪哇與南加里曼丹成為一條東向大河的流域。^[7]

巽他陸棚的東側是莎湖陸棚，二者以華萊士線為界。

參見

多格蘭

參考文獻

^ Zvi Ben-Avraham, "Structural framework of the Sunda Shelf and vicinity" Structural Geology (January 1973) abstract; Monk, K.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 10. ISBN 962-593-076-0.
^ va Bemmelen, R.W. (1949). The Geology of Indonesia. Vol. IA: General Geology of Indonesia and Adjacent Archipelagoes. Matinus Nithoff, The Hague, 723 pp.
^ Tomascik, T; Mah, J.A.; Nontji, A.; Moosa, M.K. The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas – Part One. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 74. ISBN 962-593-078-7.
^ Till Hanebuth, Karl Stattegger and Pieter M. Grootes, "Rapid Flooding of the Sunda Shelf: A Late-Glacial Sea-Level Record", Science 288 12 May 2000:1033-35.
^ Tomascik, T; Mah, J.A.; Nontji, A.; Moosa, M.K. The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas – Part One. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 580–581. ISBN 962-593-078-7.
^ Tjia, H.D. (1980). The Sunda Shelf, Southeast Asia. Z. Geomorph. 24: 405-427. (23.3.6)
^ Whitten, T; Soeriaatmadja, R. E., Suraya A. A. The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 118. ISBN 978-9625938882.

外部連結

Voris, H., and C. Simpson, 2000 and 2006, [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois.

[1] Zvi Ben-Avraham, "Structural framework of the Sunda Shelf and vicinity" Structural Geology (January 1973) abstract; Monk, K.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 10. ISBN 962-593-076-0.

[Bemmelen,_R.W._1949-2] va Bemmelen, R.W. (1949). The Geology of Indonesia. Vol. IA: General Geology of Indonesia and Adjacent Archipelagoes. Matinus Nithoff, The Hague, 723 pp.

[EcoSeas1-3] Tomascik, T; Mah, J.A.; Nontji, A.; Moosa, M.K. The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas – Part One. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 74. ISBN 962-593-078-7.

[4] Till Hanebuth, Karl Stattegger and Pieter M. Grootes, "Rapid Flooding of the Sunda Shelf: A Late-Glacial Sea-Level Record", Science 288 12 May 2000:1033-35.

[5] Tomascik, T; Mah, J.A.; Nontji, A.; Moosa, M.K. The Ecology of the Indonesian Seas – Part One. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 580–581. ISBN 962-593-078-7.

[6] Tjia, H.D. (1980). The Sunda Shelf, Southeast Asia. Z. Geomorph. 24: 405-427. (23.3.6)

[7] Whitten, T; Soeriaatmadja, R. E., Suraya A. A. The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. 1996: 118. ISBN 978-9625938882.

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