X (社交網路服務)
X,前稱Twitter,是美國X公司營運的一個社交網路服務。它是全球頂尖的社交媒體平台之一,也是世界上第5大訪問量最高的網站[3][4]。用戶可以發布文字消息、圖片和影片,並通過點讚和轉發來互動[5]。X 還提供了直接訊息、視頻和音頻通話、書籤、列表、社區、聊天機器人和社交音頻功能Spaces等多種功能。
![]() 2023年7月起使用的標誌[a] | |
![]() 2024年9月X首頁的未登入頁面 | |
网站类型 | 社群網路服務 |
---|---|
语言 | 多语言 |
前身 | |
業務範圍 | ![]() |
持有者 | X公司(2023年至今) |
董事長 | 伊隆·馬斯克 |
首席执行官 | 琳达·雅克里诺 |
网址 | x.com |
注册 | 需要[b] |
现状 | 活躍 |
系统平台 | iOS、Android、Microsoft Windows、MacOS、網頁 |
編程語言 | Java、Ruby、Scala、JavaScript |
Twitter由傑克·多西、諾阿·格拉斯、比茲·斯通和埃文·威廉姆斯於2006年3月創立。2022年,Twitter被伊隆·馬斯克收購,隨後在2023年7月重新將品牌名稱改為X。儘管X與Twitter相似,但它新增了長篇文字[6]、帳戶變現[7]、音視頻通話[8]、與xAI的Grok聊天機器人整合[9]、求職功能[10]和付費驗證等功能,不同於Twitter基於粉絲數的驗證系統[11]。它缺少Circles[12]、NFT個人資料圖片[13]和個人資料中的代詞等功能[14]。馬斯克計劃將X打造成類似WeChat的「一站式應用程序」[15]。
然而,自品牌重塑以來,X面臨不少爭議。推特檔案的發布、記者帳號停權、將媒體機構標籤為「國家附屬」並限制其可見度等問題引發了廣泛批評[16][17]。儘管馬斯克已卸任CTO,X仍在面對如錯誤資訊[18]、仇恨言論和反猶太主義等問題[19][20]。為了應對這些指控,X公司對美國媒體事務公司和反數位仇恨中心等非營利組織採取了法律行動[21][22]。
歷史
编辑Twitter的收購
编辑收購後的經營
编辑2023年7月23日,馬斯克宣布推出X並取代Twitter,這一過程始於將X.com域名(之前與PayPal相關)重定向到Twitter[24]。次日,標誌由小鳥變為X[25],平台的主帳號和相關帳號也在帳號名稱中使用字母X[26]。@x帳號原由攝影師Gene X Hwang擁有,他在2007年註冊此帳號。Hwang表示願意出售此帳號,但在2023年7月25日收到郵件通知公司將接管此帳號。他獲得了一些X周邊商品和與公司領導會面的機會,但沒有財務補償[27]。到了7月27日,Android應用程式在Google Play上的名稱和圖標更改為X;7月31日,App Store也同樣進行更改,而且Apple破例允許應用名稱字符數能夠小於2[28][29][30]。此時,網頁版的一些Twitter品牌元素被移除,包括將推文改為「貼文」[31]。
這次重新品牌化被認為不尋常,因為Twitter的品牌在全球範圍內已經非常強大,「推文」這個詞已成為日常用語[32]。而這樣的動作受到了批評,認為其名稱和標誌的商標性較弱:美國有近900家擁有「X」商標的公司[33],包括Meta Platforms擁有的與社交媒體相關的標誌[34]。X標誌使用黑板粗體字「X」,這個字符自1970年代以來一直出現在數學教科書中,並在Unicode中編號為U+1D54F 𝕏 MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL X[35][36]。
重新品牌化幾天後,美聯社格式手冊進行更新,建議記者將該平台稱為「X,前稱Twitter」(X, formerly known as Twitter)[37]。2023年9月,廣告時代引用哈里斯民意調查指出,X的重新品牌化並未廣泛普及,大多數用戶和知名品牌仍稱其為「Twitter」[38]。
外观与功能
编辑帖子
编辑帖子默认公开可见,但发布者也可仅允许其关注者查看帖子。用户可将不想与之互动的用户静音,封锁账户以阻止其查看自己的帖子,或将账户从关注者列表中删除[41][42][43]。用户可以通过X网站以及兼容的外部应用程序发布消息,在某些国家还可使用短信(SMS)来在X上发布消息[44]。用户可通过“关注”功能订阅其他用户的帖子,订阅者被称为“关注者”[45]。用户可将其他人的帖子转发到自己的动态上,该功能被称为“转帖”;此外还有“引用”功能[46],该功能允许用户将他人的帖子嵌入在自己的帖子中,并可在自己的帖子中添加评论[47]。用户还可以“喜欢”单个帖子[48]。
用户可以通过使用主题标签(以“#”符号开头的词语)将帖子按话题或类型分组。同样,在“@
”符号后加上用户名可以提及或回复其他用户[49]。Hashflags是特殊的主题标签,会在一定时间内自动在旁边生成一个emoji表情符号[50]。Hashflags可以由X公司生成[51],也可以由企业购买[52]。用户可在发送帖子之前选择谁可以回复他的每个帖子,选项包括:任何人、发布者关注的账户、已认证账户、被提及的账户。用户也可以在发帖后可隐藏对其帖子的回复[53][54]。
X Hiring
编辑X提供一项名为“X Hiring”的职位搜索功能,用户可以按关键字或地点搜索职位,并可以按地点类型、资历要求、就业类型和公司过滤搜索结果[10][55]。用户还可在自己的时间轴上获得个性化的工作推荐[56]。
Grok
编辑此章节需要扩充。 (2024年6月16日) |
Premium
编辑此章节需要扩充。 (2024年6月16日) |
備註
编辑- ^ 該標誌類似於數學符號U+1D54F 𝕏 MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL X[1][2]。
- ^ 無需註冊即可查看透過直接連結訪問的單個貼文(不包括回覆或上層貼文的回覆)或瀏覽某些帳號的熱門貼文。
參考資料
编辑- ^ Ashworth, Louis. The logo of X, formerly Twitter, wasn't actually stolen. Financial Times. July 24, 2023 [July 25, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 24, 2023).
- ^ Musk, Elon Reeve [@elonmusk]. 𝕏 (推文). [July 30, 2023] –通过Twitter. Missing or empty |date= (help)
- ^ Challenge Validation. Similarweb. [June 11, 2024].
- ^ Kerr, Dara. Lawmakers grilled the CEOs of top social media companies in a hearing today. NPR. January 31, 2024 [June 11, 2024].
- ^ Conger, Kate. So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway?. The New York Times. August 3, 2023 [August 29, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于October 12, 2023) (美国英语).
- ^ Aadeetya, S. X Brings 'Articles' That Lets You Post Long-Form Content. News18. March 9, 2024 [June 8, 2024]. (原始内容存档于March 10, 2024).
- ^ Elon Musk announces free premium features for X Accounts with over 2500 verified subscribers. The New Indian Express. March 28, 2024 [June 8, 2024]. (原始内容存档于April 8, 2024).
- ^ The Hindu Bureau. How to control your new audio and video call privacy settings on X. The Hindu. March 2, 2024 [June 8, 2024]. (原始内容存档于March 4, 2024).
- ^ Grok will be available to X Premium Plus subscribers next week: Elon Musk. The Indian Express. November 23, 2023 [June 8, 2024]. (原始内容存档于December 4, 2023).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 X, formerly Twitter, opens job search function to all users. HR Dive. [June 10, 2024]. (原始内容存档于February 12, 2024) (美国英语).
- ^ Gerken, Tom. X gives free blue ticks to its most popular users. BBC Home. April 4, 2024 [June 8, 2024]. (原始内容存档于May 11, 2024).
- ^ Peters, Jay. X is shutting down Circles. The Verge. September 21, 2023 [June 11, 2024]. (原始内容存档于April 11, 2024).
- ^ Mehta, Ivan. X removes support for NFT profile pictures. TechCrunch. January 10, 2024 [June 11, 2024]. (原始内容存档于June 6, 2024).
- ^ Manager, Social Media. X Removes Pronoun Display Options on User Profiles. Social Media Today. March 31, 2024 [June 11, 2024]. (原始内容存档于April 8, 2024).
- ^ Ortutay, Barbara. Elon Musk wants to build a digital town square. But his debut for DeSantis had a tech failure.. AP News. May 25, 2023 [November 25, 2023]. (原始内容存档于November 23, 2023) (英语).
- ^ Stempel, Jonathan. Musk's X Corp loses lawsuit against hate speech watchdog. Reuters. March 25, 2024 [June 9, 2024].
- ^ Sengupta, Abhik; Desk, Tech. Here's What Action Facebook, Twitter, TikTok and Others Are Taking During Russia-Ukraine War. News18. March 7, 2022 [June 9, 2024]. (原始内容存档于October 24, 2022).
- ^ Influencers On X Profiting From Fake News On Israel-Gaza War: Report. NDTV.com. February 22, 2019 [June 9, 2024]. (原始内容存档于June 9, 2024).
- ^ Frenkel, Sheera; Myers, Steven Lee. Antisemitic and Anti-Muslim Hate Speech Surges Across the Internet. The New York Times. November 15, 2023 [June 9, 2024]. (原始内容存档于May 3, 2024).
- ^ Clayton, James. X ad boycott gathers pace amid antisemitism storm. BBC Home. November 18, 2023 [June 9, 2024]. (原始内容存档于November 18, 2023).
- ^ X sues Media Matters over report about ads appearing next to Nazi posts. NBC News. November 21, 2023 [June 9, 2024]. (原始内容存档于June 2, 2024).
- ^ Stempel, Jonathan. Musk's X Corp loses lawsuit against hate speech watchdog. Reuters. March 25, 2024 [June 9, 2024].
- ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk]. I made an offer
[www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001418091/000110465922045641/tm2212748d1_sc13da.htm sec.gov/Archives/edgar...] (推文). 2022-04-14 [2022-05-02]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-14) –通过Twitter. - ^ Davis, Wes. Twitter's rebrand to X may actually be happening soon. The Verge. July 23, 2023 [July 23, 2023]. (原始内容存档于October 13, 2023) (美国英语).
- ^ Twitter changes logo to 'X', replacing blue bird symbol.. Al Jazeera. [July 24, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 24, 2023) (英语).
- ^ Roth, Emma. Elon Musk just changed Twitter's logo again — sort of. The Verge. July 25, 2023 [July 25, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 25, 2023).
- ^ Titcomb, James. 'They just took it': Elon Musk takes over @x Twitter account without paying owner. The Daily Telegraph. July 26, 2023 [July 26, 2023]. ISSN 0307-1235. (原始内容存档于July 26, 2023).
- ^ X (Previously Twitter) 10.0.0-beta.0 (Arm64-v8a) (480-640dpi) (Android 6.0+) APK Download by X Corp. [August 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 30, 2023).
- ^ X (Previously Twitter) 10.0.0-release.0 (Nodpi) (Android 6.0+) APK Download by X Corp. [August 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 30, 2023).
- ^ Twitter gets special permission to be 'X' in the iOS App Store. July 31, 2023 [July 31, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 31, 2023).
- ^ As Musk renames Twitter to X; 'Tweets' now 'posts', 'retweets' become 'reposts': Report. Hindustan Times. July 29, 2023 [August 14, 2023]. (原始内容存档于August 13, 2023) (英语).
- ^ Twitter was the Holy Grail of branding. Then Elon Musk ditched it. Experts question why. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. July 26, 2023 [August 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于August 10, 2023).
- ^ Why Twitter's rebrand to X could be legally challenging. CBS News. July 25, 2023 [August 4, 2023]. (原始内容存档于August 4, 2023).
- ^ Sheth, Sonam; Sundar, Sindhu. Meta already appears to hold the rights to 'X.' It could make Twitter's rebrand complicated.. Business Insider. [August 4, 2023]. (原始内容存档于August 4, 2023).
- ^ Twitter's new 'X' logo looks suspiciously like a Unicode character - Business Insider. Business Insider. [November 9, 2023]. (原始内容存档于November 10, 2023).
- ^ Brodkin, Jon. Musk rushes out new Twitter logo—it's just an X that someone tweeted at him. Ars Technica. July 24, 2023 [August 4, 2023]. (原始内容存档于July 30, 2023).
- ^ Conger, Kate. So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway?. The New York Times. August 3, 2023 [August 29, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于October 12, 2023) (美国英语).
- ^ Nudd, Tim. Twitter users don't want to call it X — Inside the platform's marketing challenge. Advertising Age. September 15, 2023 [September 16, 2023]. (原始内容存档于September 15, 2023).
- ^ Cartwright, Jason. Goodbye Twitter.com, Welcome to X.com. techAU. May 15, 2024 [May 15, 2024]. (原始内容存档于May 15, 2024) (澳大利亚英语).
- ^ Twitter's domain is now officially x.com, Elon Musk 'tweets'. The Economic Times. May 17, 2024 [May 17, 2024]. ISSN 0013-0389. (原始内容存档于May 17, 2024).
- ^ Know Your Twitter Terms: 'Block' vs. 'Mute'. Wired. [2020-07-20]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-09).
- ^ Gibbs, Samuel. 13 reasons to mute people on Twitter. The Guardian. 2014-05-13 [2020-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-19).
- ^ Now every Twitter web user can 'soft block' annoying followers. The Verge. 2021-10-11 [2021-10-12]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-14).
- ^ Using Twitter with Your Phone. Twitter Support. [2010-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2010-03-15).
We currently support 2-way (sending and receiving) Twitter SMS via short codes and one-way (sending only) via long codes.
- ^ Stone, Biz. There's a List for That. 2009-10-30 [2010-02-01]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-29) –通过Twitter.
- ^ Porter, Jon. Twitter quote tweets are now easier to find. The Verge. 2020-09-01 [2021-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-28).
- ^ Shu, Catherine. Twitter Officially Launches Its 'Retweet With Comment' Feature. TechCrunch. 2015-04-07 [2021-05-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-22).
- ^ Twitter officially kills off favorites and replaces them with likes. The Verge. [2015-11-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-09).
- ^ Strachan, Donald. Twitter: How To Set Up Your Account . The Daily Telegraph (London). 2009-02-19 [2011-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-10).
- ^ Magdaleno, Alex. Raise Your 'Hashflags': Twitter Reintroduces World Cup Hashtags. Mashable. 2014-06-11 [2021-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-16).
- ^ Twitter hashflags call out support for the Asian American community: Thursday Wake-Up Call. Advertising Age. 2021-03-18 [2021-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-16).
- ^ Johnson, Lauren. Twitter's Branded Emojis Come With a Million-Dollar Commitment. 2016-02-02 [2021-05-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-16).
- ^ Peters, Jay. Twitter is testing a way to let you limit replies to your tweets. 2020-05-20 [2021-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- ^ Peters, Jay. Twitter will let you change who can reply to a tweet after you post it. The Verge. 2021-07-13 [2021-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-16).
- ^ X Tests New Search Filters for Hiring. Social Media Today. [2024-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-01) (美国英语).
- ^ Singh, Sushant. You Will Soon Be Able To See Personalized Job Recommendations Directly In Your Timelines On X. The Tech Outlook. 2024-05-03 [2024-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-10) (美国英语).
進階閱讀
编辑- Isaac, Mike; Hirsch, Lauren; Das, Anupreeta. Inside Elon Musk's Big Plans for Twitter . The New York Times. May 6, 2022 [February 28, 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于October 29, 2022).