山龙眼科

山龙眼科; 化石时期：土仑阶至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	南非国花帝王花 Protea cynaroides
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：	山龙眼目 Proteales
科：	山龙眼科 Proteaceae; Juss.
属
	参见正文

山龙眼科包括80属，约2000余种，主要分布在南半球，大部分种类在澳洲和南非，此外在南美洲和东南亚有少数种类^[1]，中国原产的有山龙眼属和假山龙眼属2属共21种，分布在南方。

本科植物多为灌木或乔木，稀为多年生草本；单叶互生、稀对生或轮生，常革质，无托叶；花两性，稀单性，通常左右对称，稀为辐射对称，无花瓣；花萼为花瓣状，4基数，具有颜色，花小，但花序明显，有特异化的很特殊的传粉机制^[2]；果实为坚果、核果、蒴果或蓇葖果。各品种适应分化的非常严重，因此有时很难通过共性确定其科属^[3]，但各属之间还是有明显的区别。

下属分类

本科包括以下属：

Acidonia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Adenanthes Knight, 1809
Adenanthos Labill.
Adenanthus Roem. & Schult., 1818
Agastachys R.Br.
Agnostus A.Cunn., 1832
Agnostus G.Don ex Loudon, 1832
Alloxylon P.H.Weston & Crisp
Anademia C.Agardh, 1826
Aplectotremas B.S.Serlin, 1982
Arthrostygma Steud.
Athertonia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Aulax P.J.Bergius
Austromuellera C.T.White
棒柯属 Banksia L.f.
Banksicarpus Velenovský & Viniklár, 1927
Banksieaeformis R.S.Hill & D.C.Christophel, 1988
Banksieaeidites Cookson, 1950
Banksieaephyllum I.C.Cookson & S.L.Duigan, 1950
Banksites Saporta, 1861
Beauprea Brongn. & Gris
Beaupreaidites I.C.Cookson ex R.Potonié, 1960
Beaupreopsis Virot
Bellendena R.Br.
Bleasdalea F.Muell. ex Domin
Bleasdalea F.Muell., 1865
Brabejum L.
Buckinghamia F.Muell.
Cardwellia F.Muell.
Carnarvonia F.Muell.
Catalepidia P.H.Weston
Cenarrhenes Labill.
Cennarrhenes Steud., 1840
Chilurus (R.Brown) Spach, 1841
Conchocaryon F.von Mueller, 1879
Conocarpus Adans., 1763
Conogyne (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Conospermites Ettingshausen, 1867
Conospermum Sm.
Constantinium Unger, 1863
Cranwellipollis A.R.H.Martin & W.K.Harris, 1975
Cybele Salisb.
Cycloptera (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Darlingia F.Muell.
Deastella Loudon, 1830
Diastella Salisb.
Diastella Salisb. ex Knight
Dilobeia Thouars
Diplotera C.A.Gardner, 1933
Doroteoxylon M.Nishida, H.Nishida & T.Ohsawa, 1989
Dryandroides Unger, 1850
Echitriporites Van der Hammen, 1956
Eidothea A.W.Douglas & B.Hyland
Embothriophyllum P.Dusén, 1899
Embothriopsis Hollick, 1912
Embothrites Unger, 1850
Embothrium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
Embotrium Ruiz & Pav., 1794
Eriostylis (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Erodendron Meisn., 1856
Eucarpha Spach
Euplassa Salisb.
Euplassa Salisb. ex Knight
Euproteaciphyllum G.J.Jordan, R.J.Carpenter & R.S.Hill, 1998
Faurea Harv.
Finschia Warb.
Floydia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Franklandia R.Br.
Garnieria Brongn. & Gris
Gevuina Molina
Gissonia Salisb.
银桦属 Grevillea R.Br. ex Knight
Grevillia Knight, 1809
哈克木属 Hakea Schrad.
Hakeites Saporta, 1861
山龙眼属 Helicia Lour.
假山龙眼属 Heliciopsis Sleumer
Hicksbeachia F.Muell.
Hollandaea F.Muell.
Hollickia V.A.Krassilov, 1979
Hylogyne Salisb.
Illiniocarpon Schopf, 1938
Isomerium (R.Br.) Spach, 1841
Isopogon R.Br. ex Knight
Josephia Salisb.
Kermadecia Brongn. & Gris
Knightia R.Br.
Knightiophyllum Berry, 1916
Knightiophyllum Ettingshausen, 1887
Knightites Saporta, 1861
Lambertia Sm.
Lambertiphyllum Velenovsky, 1889
鹤鸵果属 Lasjia
P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia claudiensis (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia erecta (J.A.Mc Donald & R.Ismail) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia grandis (C.L.Gross & B.Hyland) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach, 2024^[4]
- Lasjia hildebrandii (Steenis) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
- Lasjia whelanii (F.M.Bailey) P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
Lepidocarya Korth. ex Miq., 1856
Lepidocystis Lesquereux, 1880
Leucadendrites G.Saporta, 1862
木百合屬 Leucadendron Kuntze, 1891，銀葉樹屬
Leucadendron P.J.Bergius
Leucadendron R.Br.
Leucadendrum Salisb., 1807
Leucandron Steud.
Leucandrum Neck., 1790
Leucospermites G.Saporta, 1861
針墊花屬 Leucospermum R.Br.
Lewalanipollis M.E.Dettmann D.M.Jarzen, 1996
Lomatia R.Br.
Lomatites G.Saporta, 1862
Lysanthe Salisb.
Lyssanthe Endl., 1837
澳洲坚果属 Macadamia F.Muell.
Macclintockia O.Heer, 1868
Malagasia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Maslinia D.T.Blackburn, 1981
Megahertzia A.S.George & B.Hyland
Mimetes Salisb.
Musgravea F.Muell.
Musgraveinanthus D.C.Christophel, 1984
Myricophyllum G.Saporta, 1862
Neorites L.S.Sm.
Nothorites P.H.Weston & A.R.Mast
Opisthiolepis L.S.Sm.
Oreocallis R.Br.
Orites R.Br.
Orothamnus Pappe ex Hook.
Palaeodendron G.Saporta, 1862
Palibinia E.P.Korovin, 1932
Panopsis Salisb.
Panopsis Salisb. ex Knight
Paranomus Salisb.
Persoonia Sm.
Persoonieaephyllum Carpenter et al., 2010
Petrophila R.Br., 1810
Petrophile R.Br.
Petrophile R.Br. ex Knight
Placospermum C.T.White & W.D.Francis
Platycoila F.von Mueller, 1874
多足蕨属 Polypodium Burm.f., 1768
Propylipollis A.R.H.Martin & W.K.Harris, 1975
海神花属 Protea L.
Proteaciphyllum H.D.McGinitie, 1974
Proteacites R.Caspary, 1881
Proteaephyllum Fontaine, 1889
Proteoides O.Heer, 1867
Proteoxylon Kräusel, 1939
Rhopalophyllum C.von Ettingshausen, 1888
Rhopalospermites G.Saporta, 1862
Rogersia
Fontaine, 1889
- Rogersia angustifolia Fontaine, 1889
- Rogersia annelidica^[5]
- Rogersia australis Cunéo & Gandolfo, 2005
- Rogersia longifolia Fontaine, 1889
Roupala Aubl.
Rymandra Salisb.
Scalarixylon R.Pujana, 2007
Serraria Burm., 1739
Serruria Burm. ex Salisb.
Sleumerodendron Virot
Soranthe Salisb.
Sorocephalus R.Br.
Spatalla Salisb.
Sphalmium B.G.Briggs, B.Hyland & L.A.S.Johnson
Stenocarpites A.T.Brongniart, 1861
Stenocarpus R.Br.
Stirlingia Endl.
Strangea Meisn.
白毛银桦属 Stylurus Salisb.
Symphionema R.Br.
Symphyonema R.Br., 1810
Symphyonema Spreng., 1817
Synaphea R.Br.
蒂羅花属 Telopea R.Br.
Tenuiloba B.S.Serlin, 1982
Toronia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Tricondylus Salisb.
Triporopollenites H.D.Pflug & P.W.Thomson, 1953
Triunia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Turrillia A.C.Sm.
Vexatorella Rourke
Virotia L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
Wilkinsonia F.von Mueller, 1879
Xylomelum Sm.

参考文献

^ Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.). Proteaceae. Flora of Australia, Volume 16: Elaeagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study / CSIRO Publishing. [2007-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-31）.
^ Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J. Proteaceae. The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information retrieval. 3 May 2006 [2006-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-05-15）. |year=与|date=不匹配 (帮助); 外部链接存在于|work= (帮助)
^ Mast, A. R. and Givnish, T. J. Historical Biogeography and the Origin of Stomatal Distributions in Banksia & Dryandra (Proteaceae) Based on Their cpDNA Phylogeny. American Journal of Botany. 2002, 89 (8): 1311–1323. ISSN 0002-9122.
^ Timothy M. A. Utteridge, Liam A. Trethowan, Matilda J. M. Brown, Seth Ratcliffe, Jack Plummer, Fabian Brambach and Himmah Rustiami. 2024. A New Species of Lasjia (Proteaceae) from Sulawesi: Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach. Kew Bulletin. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-024-10162-y
^ C. A. Shearer & J. L. Crane (1976) Illinois Fungi No. 7. Rogersia Annelidica Gen. & Sp. Nov. an Aquatic Hyphomycete Colonizing Leaves in the Sangamon River, Mycologia, 68:4, 946-950, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1976.12019973

外部链接

[Flora_of_Australia-1] Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.). Proteaceae. Flora of Australia, Volume 16: Elaeagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study / CSIRO Publishing. [2007-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-31）.

[Watson_1992-2] Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M. J. Proteaceae. The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, Information retrieval. 3 May 2006 [2006-06-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-05-15）. |year=与|date=不匹配 (帮助); 外部链接存在于|work= (帮助)

[Mast_2002-3] Mast, A. R. and Givnish, T. J. Historical Biogeography and the Origin of Stomatal Distributions in Banksia & Dryandra (Proteaceae) Based on Their cpDNA Phylogeny. American Journal of Botany. 2002, 89 (8): 1311–1323. ISSN 0002-9122.

[4] Timothy M. A. Utteridge, Liam A. Trethowan, Matilda J. M. Brown, Seth Ratcliffe, Jack Plummer, Fabian Brambach and Himmah Rustiami. 2024. A New Species of Lasjia (Proteaceae) from Sulawesi: Lasjia griseifolia Utteridge & Brambach. Kew Bulletin. DOI: 10.1007/s12225-024-10162-y

[5] C. A. Shearer & J. L. Crane (1976) Illinois Fungi No. 7. Rogersia Annelidica Gen. & Sp. Nov. an Aquatic Hyphomycete Colonizing Leaves in the Sangamon River, Mycologia, 68:4, 946-950, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1976.12019973

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山龙眼科化石时期：土仑阶至現代 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

南非国花帝王花 Protea cynaroides
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：	山龙眼目 Proteales
科：	山龙眼科 Proteaceae Juss.
属
参见正文