树舌灵芝

*Ganoderma applanatum*
Ganoderma applanatum
查看產生下列表格的真菌學模板真菌形态特徵
	子實層上有萌發孔
	無明顯蕈傘
	子實層自基部沿蕈柄向下生長
	無蕈柄
	孢印褐色
	寄生真菌
	不可食

树舌灵芝
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲：	傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes
目：	多孔菌目 Polyporales
科：	靈芝科 Ganodermataceae
属：	靈芝屬 Ganoderma
种：	树舌灵芝 G. applanatum
二名法
	Ganoderma applanatum; (Pers.) Pat.
異名
	Boletus applanatus; Elfvingia applanata; Fomes applanatus; Fomes vegetus; Ganoderme aplani; Ganoderma lipsiense; Polyporus applanatus; Polyporus vegetus;

这是一篇與真菌類相關的小作品。您可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。

树舌灵芝（學名：Ganoderma applanatum）^[1]，俗稱老牛肝^{[來源請求]}，是一个具有世界性分布（英语：Cosmopolitan distribution）的支架真菌（英语：Bracket fungus）。

整个孢子体可高达30—40厘米（12—16英寸），质硬，木质纹理；它们起初生长时是白色，但很快就变成深红褐色。棕色孢子将从子實體的下侧的气孔释放出来。子实体是多年生植物，可能持续多年，随着尺寸增加，气孔将形成新层。

它是一种木腐真菌，主要生長在死木材，也可作为活树木的病原体，特别在较老的树木。它是山毛榉和杨树腐朽和死亡的常见原因，并是对其他几个树属腐朽和死亡的较少经常的原因，包括桤木属，苹果属，榆树属，七叶树属，槭属(枫树)，栎属(橡木)，胡桃木（英语：walnut），柳树，西部铁杉（英语：western hemlock），花旗松，和云杉属。

这种真菌的特点在于它是作为艺术家的绘画介质的能力。当其表面被用锋利的工具摩擦或刮花，它从浅色变为暗褐色，产生可见的线条和阴影。

医用

树舌灵芝在日本被称为「粉吹猿腰掛」（コフキサルノコシカケ^{kofuki-saru-no-koshikake}）^[2]^[3]，字面意思是“粉覆盖猴子的长椅”。而在中国，长期以来一直用于传统药物^[4]。研究表明，灵芝富含三萜类等化合物^[5]^[6]^[7]，在抗氧化，抗癌，抗血脂，抗细菌^[8]^[9]，抗肝纤维化^[10]，和抗抑郁等方面均有效果。不过灵芝能否作为营养膳食的补充剂，还是仅仅能作为药物用于治疗特定的疾病仍存在争议^[11]。

参考资料

^ Overson, Alissa. Ganoderma applanatum: The Artist's Conk. The Fungal Kingdom. Evergreen State College. [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-12）.
^ kofuki- saru-no-koshikake (コフキサルノコシカケ). Flora of Mikawa. [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-30）.
^ Mizuno, Takashi. Sarunokoshikake: Polyporaecea fungi‐kofukisarunokoshikake, ganoderma applanatum and tsugasarunokoshikake, fomitopsis pinicola. Taylor & Francis Online.
^ About Asian Anti-Cancer Materia Database. http://asiancancerherb.info/. [2017-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-02）.
^ MIZUNO, TAKASHI; et al. Isolation and characterization of antitumor active β-d-glucans from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands. [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-08）.
^ Taichi Usui et. al. Antitumor Activity of Water-Soluble β-D-Glucan Elaborated by Ganoderma applanatum. Taylor & Francis Online. [5 March 2016].
^ Applanoxidic acids A, B, C and D, biologically active tetracyclic triterpenes from Ganoderma applanatum. Phytochemistry. 26 March 1991, 30 (12, 1991): 4105–4109 [2017-07-01]. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(91)83476-2. （原始内容存档于2017-05-10）.
^ Antibacterial Activity of Steroidal Compounds Isolated from Ganoderma applanatum. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms: 325–330. [2017-07-01]. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v1.i4.40. （原始内容存档于2020-02-07）.
^ Exopolysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum as a Promising Bioactive Compound with Cytostatic and Antibacterial Properties. BioMed Research International. July 2014, 2014: 1–10 [2017-07-01]. doi:10.1155/2014/743812. （原始内容存档于2020-01-06）.
^ Luo, Q; Di, L; Dai, WF; Lu, Q; Yan, YM; Yang, ZL; Li, RT; Cheng, YX. Applanatumin A, a new dimeric meroterpenoid from Ganoderma applanatum that displays potent antifibrotic activity. Org. Lett. February 23, 2015, 17: 1110–3. PMID 25706347. doi:10.1021/ol503610b.
^ Galappaththi, Mahesh C. A.; Patabendige, Nimesha M.; Premarathne, Bhagya M.; Hapuarachchi, Kalani K.; Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Dai, Dong-Qin; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Rapior, Sylvie; Karunarathna, Samantha C. A Review of Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their Bioactivities. Biomolecules. 2022-12-22, 13 (1). ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 9856212  . PMID 36671409. doi:10.3390/biom13010024 （英语）.

外部链接

树舌灵芝在Index Fungorum中的資訊
Mushroom Observer：Observations of Ganoderma applanatum

[The_Artist's_Conk-1] Overson, Alissa. Ganoderma applanatum: The Artist's Conk. The Fungal Kingdom. Evergreen State College. [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-12）.

[Flora_of_Mikawa-2] uki- saru-no-koshikake (コフキサルノコシカケ). Flora of Mikawa. [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-30）.

[Takashi_2009-3] Mizuno, Takashi. Sarunokoshikake: Polyporaecea fungi‐kofukisarunokoshikake, ganoderma applanatum and tsugasarunokoshikake, fomitopsis pinicola. Taylor & Francis Online.

[http://asiancancerherb.info/-4] About Asian Anti-Cancer Materia Database. http://asiancancerherb.info/. [2017-07-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-02）.

[Takashi_1983-5] MIZUNO, TAKASHI; et al. Isolation and characterization of antitumor active β-d-glucans from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands. [3 March 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-08）.

[Antitumor_Activity_of_Ganoderma_applanatum-6] Taichi Usui et. al. Antitumor Activity of Water-Soluble β-D-Glucan Elaborated by Ganoderma applanatum. Taylor & Francis Online. [5 March 2016].

[Phytochemistry-7] Applanoxidic acids A, B, C and D, biologically active tetracyclic triterpenes from Ganoderma applanatum. Phytochemistry. 26 March 1991, 30 (12, 1991): 4105–4109 [2017-07-01]. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(91)83476-2. （原始内容存档于2017-05-10）.

[Antibacterial_Activity-8] Antibacterial Activity of Steroidal Compounds Isolated from Ganoderma applanatum. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms: 325–330. [2017-07-01]. doi:10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v1.i4.40. （原始内容存档于2020-02-07）.

[antibacterial_properties-9] Exopolysaccharide from Ganoderma applanatum as a Promising Bioactive Compound with Cytostatic and Antibacterial Properties. BioMed Research International. July 2014, 2014: 1–10 [2017-07-01]. doi:10.1155/2014/743812. （原始内容存档于2020-01-06）.

[antifibrotic-10] Luo, Q; Di, L; Dai, WF; Lu, Q; Yan, YM; Yang, ZL; Li, RT; Cheng, YX. Applanatumin A, a new dimeric meroterpenoid from Ganoderma applanatum that displays potent antifibrotic activity. Org. Lett. February 23, 2015, 17: 1110–3. PMID 25706347. doi:10.1021/ol503610b.

[11] Galappaththi, Mahesh C. A.; Patabendige, Nimesha M.; Premarathne, Bhagya M.; Hapuarachchi, Kalani K.; Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Dai, Dong-Qin; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Rapior, Sylvie; Karunarathna, Samantha C. A Review of Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their Bioactivities. Biomolecules. 2022-12-22, 13 (1). ISSN 2218-273X. PMC 9856212  . PMID 36671409. doi:10.3390/biom13010024 （英语）.

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Ganoderma applanatum
查看產生下列表格的真菌學模板真菌形态特徵
	子實層上有萌發孔
	無明顯蕈傘
	子實層自基部沿蕈柄向下生長
	無蕈柄
	孢印褐色
	寄生真菌
	不可食