关键路径
(重定向自要徑法)
关键路径法(Critical Path Method,CPM),又稱為要徑法,是计划项目活动中用到的一种算术方法。[1]對於有效的計劃管理而言,關鍵路徑是一個十分重要的工具。與計畫評核術(Program Evaluation and Review Technique,PERT)非常類似。要徑法所使用的估計作業時間是單一或確定的,而計畫評核術則是使用機率性的估計作業時間。這兩種技術經常混合使用,簡稱CPM/PERT。
历史
编辑关键路径法(CPM)是一种项目模型技术,在1950年代由杜邦的Morgan R. Walker和James E. Kelley提出。[2]1989年,Kelley和Walker回忆了他们与开发CPM相关的记忆。[3]Kelley为計畫評核術的开发人员提供了当时由博思艾伦汉密尔顿控股公司和美国海军联合开发的“关键路径”技术。[4]关键路径法最早由杜邦公司在1940到1943年间实行,直接导致了曼哈顿计划的成功。[5]
CPM可用于各类项目,包括建筑、空间和军事、软件开发、研究项目、产品研发、工程、工厂维护等等。任何具有独立活动的项目都可采用数学分析。尽管原始的CPM项目不再应用,但这个术语可用于任何分析项目网络逻辑图的方法。
基本技术
编辑参见
编辑参考
编辑- ^ Kelley, James. Critical Path Planning and Scheduling: Mathematical Basis. Operations Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, May–June, 1961.
- ^ Kelley, James; Walker, Morgan. Critical-Path Planning and Scheduling. 1959 Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference.
- ^ Kelley, James; Walker, Morgan. The Origins of CPM: A Personal History. PMNETwork 3(2):7-22.
- ^ Newell, M; Grashina, M. The Project Management Question and Answer Book. American Management Association. 2003: 98.
- ^ Thayer, Harry. Management of the Hanford Engineer Works in World War II, How the Corps, DuPont and the Metallurgical Laboratory fast tracked the original plutonium works. ASCE Press, pp. 66-67. 1996.
- ^ Samuel L. Baker, Ph.D. "Critical Path Method (CPM)" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) University of South Carolina, Health Services Policy and Management Courses
- ^ Armstrong-Wright, MICE, A. T. Critical Path Method: Introduction and Practice. Longman Group LTD, London, 1969, pp5ff.
更多阅读
编辑- Project Management Institute. A Guide To The Project Management Body Of Knowledge 3rd. Project Management Institute. 2003. ISBN 1-930699-45-X.
- Klastorin, Ted. Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs 3rd. Wiley. 2003. ISBN 978-0-471-41384-4.
- Heerkens, Gary. Project Management(The Briefcase Book Series). McGraw–Hill. 2001. ISBN 0-07-137952-5.
- Kerzner, Harold. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling 8th. 2003. ISBN 0-471-22577-0.
- Lewis, James. Fundamentals of Project Management 2nd. American Management Association. 2002. ISBN 0-8144-7132-3.
- Milosevic, Dragan Z. Project Management ToolBox: Tools and Techniques for the Practicing Project Manager. Wiley. 2003. ISBN 978-0-471-20822-8.
- O'Brien, James J.; Plotnick, Fredric L. CPM in Construction Management, Seventh Edition. McGraw Hill. 2010. ISBN 978-0-07-163664-3.
- Woolf, Murray B. Faster Construction Projects with CPM Scheduling. McGraw Hill. 2007. ISBN 978-0-07-148660-6.