疊氮化鉀
疊氮化鉀 | |||
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IUPAC名 Potassium azide | |||
识别 | |||
CAS号 | 20762-60-1 | ||
PubChem | 10290740 | ||
SMILES |
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InChI |
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InChIKey | TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
性质 | |||
化学式 | KN3 | ||
摩尔质量 | 81.1184 g·mol⁻¹ | ||
外观 | 無色結晶[1] | ||
密度 | 2.04 g/cm3 [1] | ||
熔点 | 350 °C (在真空)[1] | ||
沸点 | 分解 | ||
溶解性(水) | 50.8 g/100g[1] | ||
结构 | |||
晶体结构 | 四方晶系[2] | ||
空间群 | I4/mcm (No. 140)[2] | ||
晶格常数 | a = 6.1129 Å, c = 7.0943 Å[3] | ||
危险性 | |||
主要危害 | 有毒,加热时易爆炸 | ||
NFPA 704 | |||
相关物质 | |||
其他阳离子 | 叠氮化鋰、叠氮化鈉、叠氮化銣、叠氮化銫, 疊氮化鉛 | ||
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
制备
编辑叠氮化钾可以由叠氮酸和氢氧化钾[4]或碳酸钾[5]反应而成:
性質
编辑物理性質
编辑在高压下,叠氮化钾会改变晶体结构,形成含有N2−
6 六元环的物种。这种结构由叠氮化钾在45 GPa下加热而成,在20 GPa下稳定。[8]
化學性質
编辑在加熱或紫外線照射時,它會分解成氮氣和金屬鉀。[9][10]
不同於重金屬疊氮化物,它对机械衝擊并不不敏感,但遇熱可能會迅速爆炸。[11]
用途
编辑危害
编辑參考文獻
编辑- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Dale L. Perry; Sidney L. Phillips. Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. 1995: 301. ISBN 0849386713.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Addison, C. C. Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements.. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1974: 54. ISBN 0-85186-762-6. OCLC 843641423.
- ^ Müller, Ulrich. Verfeinerung der Kristallstrukturen von KN3, RbN3, CsN3 und TIN3. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (Wiley). 1972, 392 (2): 159–166. ISSN 0044-2313. doi:10.1002/zaac.19723920207 (德语).
- ^ Booth, Harold Simmons. Inorganic syntheses. Volume 1. New York. 1939: 79. ISBN 978-0-470-13264-7. OCLC 86223179.
- ^ hrsg. von Georg Brauer. Unter Mitarb. von M. Baudler. Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie / 1.. Stuttgart: Enke. 1975: 458. ISBN 3-432-02328-6. OCLC 310719485 (德语).
- ^ Pringle, G. E.; Noakes, D. E. The crystal structures of lithium, sodium and strontium azides. Acta Cryst. February 1968,. B24 (2): 262–269. doi:10.1107/S0567740868002062.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Khilji, M. Y.; Sherman, W. F.; Wilkinson, G. R. Variable temperature and pressure Raman spectra of potassium azide KN3. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (Wiley-Blackwell). 1982, 12 (3): 300–303. ISSN 0377-0486. doi:10.1002/jrs.1250120319.
- ^ Wang, Yu; Bykov, Maxim; Chepkasov, Ilya; Samtsevich, Artem; Bykova, Elena; Zhang, Xiao; Jiang, Shu-qing; Greenberg, Eran; Chariton, Stella; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Oganov, Artem R.; Goncharov, Alexander F. Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure. Nature Chemistry. 21 April 2022. PMID 35449217. S2CID 226222305. arXiv:2010.15995 . doi:10.1038/s41557-022-00925-0.
- ^ Tompkins, F. C.; Young, D. A. The Photochemical and Thermal Formation of Colour Centres in Potassium Azide Crystals. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1982, 236 (1204): 10–23.
- ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. McGraw-Hill Professional. 2003: 734. ISBN 0070494398.
- ^ Pradyot Patnaik. A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances 3rd. Wiley-Interscience. 2007: 615. ISBN 0471714585.
- ^ T. D. Hughes; L. F. Welch. Potassium Azide as a Nitrification Inhibitor. Agronomy Journal (American Society of Agronomy). 1970, 62: 595–599.
- ^ 宮川誠之助. 化学大辞典編集委員会(編) , 编. 化学大辞典 1 縮刷版第26版. 共立. 1981-10: 60頁.
- ^ Jobelius, Horst H.; Scharff, Hans-Dieter, Hydrazoic Acid and Azides, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2000-06-15, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_193