海座星
(重定向自海座星纲)
海座星(edrioasteroids),又稱座海星,是一类已灭绝的棘皮动物,生存于寒武纪中期至二叠纪。海座星营固着滤食生活,无茎(Column),身体扁平,球形或圆柱形,从背部中央的口辐射出的五条步帶沟是海座星的典型特徵,步帶沟里长有特殊的管足,用来输送食物到口中。
海座星纲![]() 化石时期:
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Streptaster vorticellatus(直徑13毫米),產自美國肯塔基州上奧陶統 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 棘皮动物门 Echinodermata |
纲: | †海座星纲 Edrioasteroidea Billings, 1858 |
目 | |
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![](http://up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Foerstediscus_splendens_Smithsonian.jpg/220px-Foerstediscus_splendens_Smithsonian.jpg)
海座星在棘皮動物門中的具體分類地位尚無共識,有文獻將海座星綱歸入海膽亞門[1][2][3][4],也有資料將其歸入海百合亞門[5],還有假說認為海座星綱是棘皮動物較早分化的幹群,不屬於任何亞門。[6][7][8]
屬及種
编辑僅列出部分屬。
- ?Arkarua
- Walcottidiscus(最古老的海座星,來自於中寒武紀的伯吉斯頁岩)
- W. typicalus
- Stromatocystites
- S. pentangularis
- S. reduncus
- S. walcotti
- Kailidiscus
- K. chinensis
- 海座星屬 Edrioaster(模式屬)
- E. bigsbyi
- E. priscus
- Edriophus
- E. levis
- Paredriophus
- P. elongatus
- Totiglobus
- T. nimius
- T. lloydi
- Cambraster
- C. cannati
- C. tastudorum
- Edriodiscus
- E. primotica
- Lebedodiscus
- 費氏海座星屬 Foerstediscus
- F. grandi
- F. splendens
- Cystaster
- C. stellatus
- Cryptogoleus
- C. chapmani
- Bellochthus
- Streptaster
- S. vorticellatus
- Cryptogoleus
- C. chapmani
- Carneyella
- C. pilea
- C. faberi
- C. ulrichi
- Isorophus
- I. cincinnatiensis
- Isorophusella
- 海蒲團屬 Camptostroma
- C. roddyi
- Rectitriordo
- Agelacrinites
- Krama
- K. devonicum (Bassler), 1936
- Parakrama
- Hemicystites
- H. bohemica
- H. chapmani
- H. devonicus
- Neoisorophusella
- N. lanei
- N. berryi
- N. maslennikovi
- N. whitesidei
- Curvitriordo
- Thresherodiscus
- T. ramosa (Foerste, 1914)
- Postibulla
- P. westergaardi
- Parapostibulla
- P. belli
- P. graysoni
- Eopostibulla
- Pyrgopostibulla
- Yorkicystis
- Torquerisediscus
- Cooperidiscus
- Dynocystis
- Stalticodiscus
- Ulrichidiscus
- Clavidiscus
- Discocystis
- Hypsiclavus
- Spiraclavus
- Giganticlavus
- Lispidecodus
- L. plinthotus (Kesling, 1967)
参考文献
编辑- ^ Fell, Howard and Sepkoski, John. "Echinozoa." Science, 2019-12
- ^ "Echinoderms." University of Kentucky,
- ^ "Class Edrioasteroidea." The Taxonomicon
- ^ Guensberg, Thomas and Sprinkle, James. "Revised Phylogeny and Functional Interpretation of the Edrioasteroidea Based on New Taxa from the Early and Middle Ordovician of Western Utah." Chicago, Ill. : Field Museum of Natural, 1994.
- ^ Edrioasteroidea BioLib.cz
- ^ Mooi, Rich. 2001-07, "Not All Written in Stone: Interdisciplinary Syntheses in Echinoderm Paleontology." Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79(7) 1209-1231
- ^ Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560
- ^ S. Zamora, I. A. Rahman, C. D. Sumrall, A. P. Gibson, and J. R. Thompson. 2022. Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 289:20212733
- 张永辂 刘冠邦 边立曾等. 古生物学(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地质出版社. 1988: 321. ISBN 7-116-00148-4.
- 费尔布里奇 雅布隆斯基等. 古生物学百科全书(上册) (M) 1. 北京: 地质出版社. 1989: 336. ISBN 7-116-00271-5.
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