有效加速主義

有效加速主義^[1]（英語：effective accelerationism），簡稱e/acc，是一種強烈擁護科技發展的新興哲學思潮。^[2] 有效加速主義的倡導者相信人工智慧的進步會讓社會更加平等化，因此必須大力發展人工智慧。^[3] 有效加速主義倡導者會蔑稱主張人工智慧技術難以預測、需要監管等與有效加速主義相左的謹慎保守想法為“末日論者”（英語：doomer）或者“減速主義者”（英語：decel/deceleration）。^[3]^[4]

有效加速主義的思想核心是堅信不計一切代價推動技术革新是唯一在倫理上正當的行爲。有效加速主義運動帶有烏托邦色彩，提倡人類必須加快進步和建設的步伐，才能保障生存，并在全宇宙中宣揚自身的存在感。^[5]^[6]

歷史

有效加速主義起初被認爲是一個邊緣化的思想運動，然而在2023年這一思想進入了主流視野。^[8]多位矽谷要員透過在個人主頁中添加“e/acc”字樣的方式聲援該運動，其中不乏著名風險投資者马克·安德里森和Y Combinator的執行長陳嘉興的身影。^[8]其他重要學界商界人物因爲倡導減少對人工智慧的管控，也被視爲該運動的支持者，例如OpenAI的執行長萨姆·阿尔特曼、捲積神經網路發明人杨立昆、還有深度學習泰斗吴恩达。^[4]^[9]^[10]

第二次川普總統任期

隨著川普在2024年美國大選中的勝利，有效加速主義的代表性科技人物將佔據要職，如伊隆·馬斯克，主張解除科技監管與加快科技進步^[11]^[12]。Zynga創辦人馬克·平卡斯（英语：Mark Pincus）便將此勝選評論為「有效加速主義」。^[13]

參考資料

^ 張欣瑜. 周永捷 , 编. OpenAI事件發酵矽谷「有效加速主義」聲量擴增. 中央通訊社. 2023-11-24 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-03）（中文（臺灣））.
^ Cheok, Adrian David; Edirisinghe, Chamari; Shrestha, Mangesh Lal. Effective Accelerationism and the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Ethical, Technological, and Societal Implications. The Rise of Machines: Future of Work in the Age of AI 1st. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2024. ISBN 9781003449072. doi:10.1201/9781003449072-6 (不活跃 13 December 2024).
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Soufi, Daniel. 'Accelerate or die,' the controversial ideology that proposes the unlimited advance of artificial intelligence. El País. 2024-01-06 [2024-01-20]. （原始内容存档于20 January 2024）（美国英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 MacColl, Margaux. It's a Cult': Inside Effective Accelerationism, the Pro-AI Movement Taking Over Silicon Valley. The Information. 2023-10-07 [2023-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）.
^ White, Molly. Effective obfuscation. Citation Needed. 2023-11-26 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27） –通过Substack （英语）. ^{[來源可靠？]}
^ Hurtz, Simon. Tech-Szene im Silicon Valley: Ihr Gott ist die KI. Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2023-11-10 [2023-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（德语）.
^ Steinberg, Julia. Move Fast and Make Things. The Free Press. December 19, 2023 [July 1, 2024].
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Chowdhury, Hasan. Get the lowdown on 'e/acc' — Silicon Valley's favorite obscure theory about progress at all costs, which has been embraced by Marc Andreessen. Business Insider. 2023-07-28 [2023-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）（美国英语）.
^ The Sam Altman drama points to a deeper split in the tech world. The Economist. 2023-11-19 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.
^ With Sam Altman's return, a shift in AI from idealism to pragmatism. The Economist. 2023-11-23 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.
^ Stokes, Samantha; Kanetkar, Riddhi; Li, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. Nov 8, 2024 [2024-11-08] （美国英语）.
^ Protais, Marine. Trump et J.D Vance séduisent la tech libertarienne en prônant une dérégulation totale de l'IA [Trump and JD Vance seduce libertarian tech by advocating total AI deregulation]. La Tribune. 2024-07-20 [2024-11-08] （法语）.
^ Li, Samantha Stokes, Riddhi Kanetkar, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. [2024-12-22] （美国英语）.

參見

加速主義

[1] 張欣瑜. 周永捷 , 编. OpenAI事件發酵矽谷「有效加速主義」聲量擴增. 中央通訊社. 2023-11-24 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-03）（中文（臺灣））.

[2] Cheok, Adrian David; Edirisinghe, Chamari; Shrestha, Mangesh Lal. Effective Accelerationism and the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Navigating Ethical, Technological, and Societal Implications. The Rise of Machines: Future of Work in the Age of AI 1st. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2024. ISBN 9781003449072. doi:10.1201/9781003449072-6 (不活跃 13 December 2024).

[:5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Soufi, Daniel. 'Accelerate or die,' the controversial ideology that proposes the unlimited advance of artificial intelligence. El País. 2024-01-06 [2024-01-20]. （原始内容存档于20 January 2024）（美国英语）.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 MacColl, Margaux. It's a Cult': Inside Effective Accelerationism, the Pro-AI Movement Taking Over Silicon Valley. The Information. 2023-10-07 [2023-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）.

[:3-5] White, Molly. Effective obfuscation. Citation Needed. 2023-11-26 [2023-11-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27） –通过Substack （英语）. ^{[來源可靠？]}

[:2-6] Hurtz, Simon. Tech-Szene im Silicon Valley: Ihr Gott ist die KI. Süddeutsche Zeitung. 2023-11-10 [2023-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-10）（德语）.

[7] Steinberg, Julia. Move Fast and Make Things. The Free Press. December 19, 2023 [July 1, 2024].

[:1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Chowdhury, Hasan. Get the lowdown on 'e/acc' — Silicon Valley's favorite obscure theory about progress at all costs, which has been embraced by Marc Andreessen. Business Insider. 2023-07-28 [2023-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-20）（美国英语）.

[9] The Sam Altman drama points to a deeper split in the tech world. The Economist. 2023-11-19 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.

[10] With Sam Altman's return, a shift in AI from idealism to pragmatism. The Economist. 2023-11-23 [2023-11-27]. ISSN 0013-0613. （原始内容存档于2023-11-27）.

[bi-11] Stokes, Samantha; Kanetkar, Riddhi; Li, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. Nov 8, 2024 [2024-11-08] （美国英语）.

[12] Protais, Marine. Trump et J.D Vance séduisent la tech libertarienne en prônant une dérégulation totale de l'IA [Trump and JD Vance seduce libertarian tech by advocating total AI deregulation]. La Tribune. 2024-07-20 [2024-11-08] （法语）.

[13] Li, Samantha Stokes, Riddhi Kanetkar, Helen. Silicon Valley is betting a Musk-inspired Trump could unleash a startup boom. Business Insider. [2024-12-22] （美国英语）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]