维基百科

帕金森症候群

「帕金森综合症」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「帕金森氏症」。

帕金森症候群（Parkinsonism）是和運動機能相關的臨床症候群，其特徵是顫抖、運動功能減退、僵硬（英语：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障礙[1][2]。在帕金森氏症（PD）患者身上會有類似症狀（此症候群因此而得名），而路易氏體失智症（DLB）、帕金森病性失智症（英语：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也會有此症狀。這類症候群的病因範圍很廣，包括神經退化障礙疾病、藥物、毒素、代謝疾病，或是帕金森氏症以外的神經性疾病[3]。

帕金森症候群
Parkinsonism
病因
分类和外部资源
醫學專科神經學
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
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病因

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藥物引起

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有帕金森症候群的人當中，約有7%是因為藥物的副作用而造成的，主要是因為抗精神病药，特別是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻噸（英语：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻噸（英语：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英语：zuclopenthixol））及丁酰苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶爾也有因為抗憂鬱藥物而造成。藥物引起帕金森症候群的盛行率會隨年齡而上昇。藥物引起的帕金森症候群一但出現，多半會維持原有的程度，不像帕金森氏症會漸漸惡化[4]。

毒素

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有發現殺蟲劑或除草劑暴露程度和帕金森氏症之間的關聯性。若暴露在百草枯或錳乃浦（英语：Maneb）/鋅錳乃浦（英语：Mancozeb）下，風險是原來的兩倍[5]。

已證實慢性锰（Mn）暴露會造成類似帕金森症候群的疾病，其特徵是運動障礙，此症狀無法用典型的帕金森症治療方式（英语：Management of Parkinson's disease）來治療，因此推測除了典型黑质內多巴胺能損失外，包括有其他的致病途徑[6]。锰會在基底核內累積，因此造成運動障礙[7]有一種和SLC30A10基因（錳外流轉運蛋白，減少細胞內錳所必需的蛋白）有關的變異和這種類似帕金森症候群疾病有關[8]。在這疾病中看不到帕金森氏症中典型的路易體（英语：Lewy body）[7]。

診斷

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許多疾病會造成帕金森症候群。

神經退化障礙及巴金森附加症候群（英语：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
藥物引發（偽帕金森症候群）
感染
毒素
創傷
血管的
其他

原發性震顫

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根據2018年的回顧性研究，還不確定帕金森症候群和原發性震顫（英语：essential tremor）是否有關[30]。

參考資料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Aminoff MJ, Greenberg DA, Simon RP. Chapter 7: Movement disorders. Clinical Neurology 6th. Lange: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2005: 241–45. ISBN 978-0-07-142360-1. 
  2. ^ Tobottom BJ, Weiner WJ, Shulman LM. Chapter 42: Parkinsonism. Lisak RP, Truong DD, Carroll W, Bhidayasiri R (编). International Neurology: A Clinical Approach. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2009-09-28: 152–58. ISBN 978-1-405-15738-4. 
  3. ^ Christine, Chadwick W.; Aminoff, Michael J. Clinical differentiation of parkinsonian syndromes: Prognostic and therapeutic relevance. The American Journal of Medicine. 2004-09-15, 117 (6). ISSN 0002-9343. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.03.032 （英语）. 
  4. ^ Information Sheet: Drug-induced Parkinsonism (PDF). Parkinson’s Disease and Society. [2013-04-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-26）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Pezzoli, Gianni; Cereda, Emanuele. Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2013-05-28, 80 (22) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 0028-3878. PMID 23713084. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318294b3c8. （原始内容存档于2023-03-03） （英语）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Guilarte, Tomás R.; Gonzales, Kalynda K. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism Is Not Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Environmental and Genetic Evidence. Toxicological Sciences. 2015-08, 146 (2) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 1096-6080. PMC 4607750  . PMID 26220508. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv099. （原始内容存档于2022-12-19） （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Kwakye, Gunnar; Paoliello, Monica; Mukhopadhyay, Somshuvra; Bowman, Aaron; Aschner, Michael. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease: Shared and Distinguishable Features. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015-07-06, 12 (7) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 4515672  . PMID 26154659. doi:10.3390/ijerph120707519. （原始内容存档于2023-01-30） （英语）. 
  8. ^ Peres, Tanara V.; Schettinger, Maria Rosa C.; Chen, Pan; Carvalho, Fabiano; Avila, Daiana S.; Bowman, Aaron B.; Aschner, Michael. “Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: a review of its behavioral consequences and neuroprotective strategies”. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2016-12, 17 (1) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 2050-6511. PMC 5097420  . PMID 27814772. doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0099-0. （原始内容存档于2023-02-02） （英语）. 
  9. ^ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 9.32 Jankovic J, Lang AE. Diagnosis and Assessment. Bradley, Walter George (编). Neurology in Clinical Practice: Principles of diagnosis and management. Volume 1. Taylor & Francis. 2004: 295–96. ISBN 9789997625885. 
  10. ^ Finger EC. Frontotemporal Dementias. Continuum (Review). April 2016, 22 (2 Dementia): 464–89. PMC 5390934  . PMID 27042904. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000300. 
  11. ^ McKeith, Ian G.; Boeve, Bradley F.; Dickson, Dennis W.; Halliday, Glenda; Taylor, John-Paul; Weintraub, Daniel; Aarsland, Dag; Galvin, James; Attems, Johannes; Ballard, Clive G.; Bayston, Ashley. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: Fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017-07-04, 89 (1). ISSN 0028-3878. PMC 5496518  . PMID 28592453. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004058 （英语）. 
  12. ^ Louis, E. D.; Ottman, R. Is there a one-way street from essential tremor to Parkinson's disease? Possible biological ramifications. European Journal of Neurology. 2013-11, 20 (11) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 1468-1331. PMC 3801177  . PMID 24033795. doi:10.1111/ene.12256. （原始内容存档于2022-10-20）. 
  13. ^ Fabrizi, Monaco, Dalla Libera. Parkinsonian syndrome following MDMA (Ecstasy) addiction. Movement Disorders. 2004, 19: S73–S74. 
  14. ^ Maltête, David; Guyant-Maréchal, Lucie; Mihout, Bruno; Hannequin, Didier. Movement disorders and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A review. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 2006-03-01, 12 (2). ISSN 1353-8020. PMID 16364674. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004 （英语）. 
  15. ^ Tse W, Cersosimo MG, Gracies JM, Morgello S, Olanow CW, Koller W. Movement disorders and AIDS: a review. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. August 2004, 10 (6): 323–34. PMID 15261874. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.03.001. 
  16. ^ Carod-Artal, F. J. [Neurological syndromes linked with the intake of plants and fungi containing a toxic component (I). Neurotoxic syndromes caused by the ingestion of plants, seeds and fruits]. Revista De Neurologia. 2003-05, 36 (9) [2022-10-15]. ISSN 0210-0010. PMID 12717675. （原始内容存档于2022-10-16）. 
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  18. ^ Watanabe Y, Himeda T, Araki T. Mechanisms of MPTP toxicity and their implications for therapy of Parkinson's disease (PDF). Medical Science Monitor. January 2005, 11 (1): RA17–23 [2019-12-08]. PMID 15614202. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）. 
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  20. ^ Weiss, Janet. Chapter 151. Toluene and Xylene. Olson, Kent R. (编). Poisoning & Drug Overdose 6. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies. 2012. 
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  22. ^ Jubault T, Brambati SM, Degroot C, Kullmann B, Strafella AP, Lafontaine AL, Chouinard S, Monchi O. Gendelman HE , 编. Regional brain stem atrophy in idiopathic Parkinson's disease detected by anatomical MRI. PLOS ONE. December 2009, 4 (12): e8247. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.8247J. PMC 2784293  . PMID 20011063. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008247. 
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  24. ^ Kuoppamäki M, Rothwell JC, Brown RG, Quinn N, Bhatia KP, Jahanshahi M. Parkinsonism following bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus: performance on a variety of motor tasks shows similarities with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. April 2005, 76 (4): 482–90. PMC 1739601  . PMID 15774432. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.020800. 
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  30. ^ Algarni M, Fasano A. The overlap between Essential tremor and Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. January 2018,. 46 Suppl 1: S101–S104. PMID 28729090. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.006. 

外部連結

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检索自“https://zh.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=帕金森症候群&oldid=84198136”