射流 (流体)

射流（jet，fluid jet）又称喷流，是喷射到周围介质中的束状流体，通常来自某种喷嘴、孔或孔口（英语：aperture）。 ^[1]射流可以前进很长距离^[多少？]而不耗散。

与周围的流体介质相比，射流流体具有更高的动量。如果射流周围的介质与射流由相同的流体组成，并且该流体具有粘度，则周围流体会在称为卷吸（英语：Entrainment (hydrodynamics)）的过程中被射流携带前进。 ^[2]

应用

液体射流在许多不同的领域都有应用。比如在日常生活中，它们产生自水龙头、花洒和喷雾罐。在农业中，它们在灌溉和作物保护产品的使用中发挥作用。在医学领域，注射和吸入器也会产生液体射流。工业上，液体射流用于水刀、涂布材料或冷却塔。雾化液体射流对于内燃机的效率至关重要。它们在研究中也起着至关重要的作用，例如在蛋白质^[3]，相变^[4]，物质的极端状态（英语：Extreme states of matter）^[5]，激光等离子体（英语：Laser plasma）^[6]和高次谐波的产生^[7]的研究中，以及在粒子物理实验中。 ^[8]还有一些动物，尤其是头足类动物，靠喷气推进来移动。

在火箭发动机和喷气发动机中存在气体射流。人们还研究微观液体射流在无创透皮药物输送中的潜在应用。 ^[9]

参考资料

^ Definition of JET. www.merriam-webster.com. [2022-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）（英语）.
^ Swain, Prakash Chandra. Fluid Dynamics Lecture Notes (PDF). www.vssut.ac.in. 2016 [26 July 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-12）.
^ Frauke Bierau; et al, Catching Proteins in Liquid Helium Droplets, Physical Review Letters, 2010, 105 (13), p. 133402, arXiv:1008.3816  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.133402
^ Matthias Kühnel; et al, Time-Resolved Study of Crystallization in Deeply Cooled Liquid Parahydrogen, Physical Review Letters, 2011, 106, p. 245301, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.245301
^ Neumayer, P; et al, Evidence for ultra-fast heating in intense-laser irradiated reduced-mass targets, Physics of Plasmas, 2012, 19, p. 122708, doi:10.1063/1.4772773
^ R. A. Costa Fraga; et al, Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation, Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012, 83, p. 025102, arXiv:1109.0398  , doi:10.1063/1.3681940
^ T.T. Luu; Z. Yin; et al, Extreme–ultraviolet high–harmonic generation in liquids, Nature Communication, 2018, 19, p. 3723, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06040-4
^ Gianluigi Boca, The PANDA experiment: physics goals and experimental setup, EPJ Web of Conferences, 2014, 72, p. 00002, doi:10.1051/epjconf/20147200002
^ Postema M, van Wamel A, ten Cate FJ, de Jong N. High-speed photography during ultrasound illustrates potential therapeutic applications of microbubbles. Medical Physics. 2005, 32 (12): 3707-3711. doi:10.1118/1.2133718.

Pijush K. Kundu and Ira M. Cohen, "Fluid mechanics, Volume 10", Elsevier, Burlington, MA,USA (2008), ISBN 978-0-12-373735-9
Falkovich, G. Fluid Mechanics, a short course for physicists. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-1-107-00575-4.

这是一篇與流體動力學相關的小作品。您可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。

[1] Definition of JET. www.merriam-webster.com. [2022-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-01）（英语）.

[2] Swain, Prakash Chandra. Fluid Dynamics Lecture Notes (PDF). www.vssut.ac.in. 2016 [26 July 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-12）.

[3] Frauke Bierau; et al, Catching Proteins in Liquid Helium Droplets, Physical Review Letters, 2010, 105 (13), p. 133402, arXiv:1008.3816  , doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.133402

[4] Matthias Kühnel; et al, Time-Resolved Study of Crystallization in Deeply Cooled Liquid Parahydrogen, Physical Review Letters, 2011, 106, p. 245301, doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.245301

[5] Neumayer, P; et al, Evidence for ultra-fast heating in intense-laser irradiated reduced-mass targets, Physics of Plasmas, 2012, 19, p. 122708, doi:10.1063/1.4772773

[6] R. A. Costa Fraga; et al, Compact cryogenic source of periodic hydrogen and argon droplet beams for relativistic laser-plasma generation, Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012, 83, p. 025102, arXiv:1109.0398  , doi:10.1063/1.3681940

[7] T.T. Luu; Z. Yin; et al, Extreme–ultraviolet high–harmonic generation in liquids, Nature Communication, 2018, 19, p. 3723, doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06040-4

[8] Gianluigi Boca, The PANDA experiment: physics goals and experimental setup, EPJ Web of Conferences, 2014, 72, p. 00002, doi:10.1051/epjconf/20147200002

[9] Postema M, van Wamel A, ten Cate FJ, de Jong N. High-speed photography during ultrasound illustrates potential therapeutic applications of microbubbles. Medical Physics. 2005, 32 (12): 3707-3711. doi:10.1118/1.2133718.

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射流 (流体)

应用

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参考资料