中美洲蹴球

中美洲蹴球（納瓦特爾語：ōllamalīztli，纳瓦特尔语发音：[oːlːamaˈlistɬi]；馬雅語系語言：pitz；英語：Mesoamerican ballgame）是一種流行於古代中部美洲具有儀式關聯的體育活動。阿茲特克版本的此類活動，是今墨西哥錫那羅亞州Ulama（或作Ollama）球類運動的前身。^[1]

中美洲蹴球有其重要儀式意義，主要的正式球賽都是作為儀式活動而舉行。這項運動也被作為兒童遊戲進行，且女性也可能從事於這種運動。^[2]

這種球賽與活人獻祭有關，尤其是斬首。例如，埃爾塔欣有石板雕刻一個在球場上被犧牲的人，而奇琴伊察也有石板則雕刻一名被斬首且跪著的球賽參與者，蛇和植物從他的脖子上長出來，凸顯犧牲血液的再生滋養力量。與這種球賽相關的祭祀主題藝術遍佈整個中部美洲，從危地馬拉南海岸Bilbao遺址的雕塑，到發現於墨西哥中部的文獻資料中。在基切人的《波波爾·烏》也描述有關傳說故事。然而，儘管犧牲與球賽有密切聯繫，但其中犧牲的確切機制和意義仍無法被確認；目前仍無法確知是什麼人會被犧牲、在何種場合下犧牲，以及這種犧牲與球賽本身有何關聯。^[3]

参考文献

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^ Earley, Authors: Caitlin C. The Mesoamerican Ballgame | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. [2024-08-05] （英语）.

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延伸阅读

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外部链接

The First Basketball: The Mesoamerican ballgame（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） NBA Hoops Online
A figurine showing ballplayer gear（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[1] Leyenaar, Ted J. J. Ulama the perpetuation in Mexico of the pre-spanish ball game Ullamaliztli. Brill. 1978 （荷兰语）.

[2] Art, Mint Museum of. The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame. Thames & Hudson. 2001. ISBN 978-0-500-05108-5 （英语）.

[3] Earley, Authors: Caitlin C. The Mesoamerican Ballgame | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. [2024-08-05] （英语）.

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